Despite increased risk of adverse events and overdose associated with sustained-release opioids, evidence is lacking to support the short-term use of a low-dose, sustained-release opioid for acute pain control in a monitored setting. Both immediate-release and sustained-release opioids are used clinically in postoperative analgesia. We hypothesized that short-term use of low-dose, sustained-release hydromorphone combined with immediate-release hydromorphone as required would facilitate earlier ambulation after major urologic surgeries compared to immediate-release opioid alone.

ExactVu micro-ultrasound generates high-resolution images and promises to improve prostate biopsy performance, while transperineal prostate biopsy (TPB) has gained popularity due to its sterile technique. The aim of this study was to compare TPB using ExactVu to transrectal biopsy (TRB).

Electives strongly influence residency selection. While the CanMEDS framework outlines core competencies, the specific traits most valued by urology programs during electives remain unclear.

Pediatric and adult reconstructive urology remain underrepresented in global surgical efforts, despite their critical role in restoring genitourinary function. This global surgery initiative aimed to address the gap in specialized urologic care in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) through a longitudinal, mentorship-based approach integrating augmented reality (AR) telementoring.

Extracorporeal magnetic stimulation (EMS) is a non-invasive treatment for urinary incontinence (UI) in women, but its effectiveness in men is not well known. This review identifies and evaluates the evidence supporting EMS for treating UI in adult men.

Upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) is an important pathologic feature shared by clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It is unclear whether OSA alters ccRCC pathogenesis via HIF expression. This study aimed to characterize differences in HIF expression in ccRCC tumors in patients with and without OSA. We hypothesized that a diagnosis of OSA was associated with increased HIF expression.

Flexible ureteroscopy is increasingly used for managing upper urinary tract pathologies, particularly kidney stones. With the emergence of affordable, single-use flexible ureteroscopes (fURS) as an alternative to reusable systems, the contemporary economic impact of each device is unclear. We performed a micro-cost evaluation comparing reusable fURS with two single-use models in a single-payer Canadian healthcare system.

Obesity is common among renal transplant recipients and increases the risk of perioperative complications. This study evaluated whether the distance from the skin to the external iliac vessels (SVD) is associated with adverse surgical outcomes in renal transplant recipients.

The management of renal stones measuring 2-3 cm remains a clinical challenge, with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) traditionally favored over retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) due to higher stone-free rates (SFR); however, advancements in flexible ureteroscopy and the introduction of flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheaths (FANS-UAS) have expanded the role of RIRS for larger stones. This study compares the efficacy and safety of PCNL vs. FANS-UAS-assisted RIRS for medium-sized renal calculi.

In patients undergoing radical cystectomy, ileal conduit (IC) urinary diversions are more frequently carried out than orthotopic neo-bladder reconstructions (ONB). Patients selected for IC likely have more comorbidities, advanced disease, and older age, with many being poor candidates for ONB; ONB often ends up being selected by younger and healthier patients. Differences in complications experienced by IC and ONB patients may be due to differences between patients or urinary diversions. To guide patient counseling and care, we aimed to assess 90-day complications and mortality for patients undergoing either procedure in a large, contemporary, Canadian cohort.

Radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), but it is associated with substantial perioperative blood loss and high transfusion rates. Tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing surgical blood loss across various specialties; however, due to a paucity of randomized controlled trials in the RC setting, its role remains uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to synthesize the current evidence and provide a critical assessment of TXA use during RC.

As of 2019, females represented 11% of the urology workforce in Canada. Lack of female role models, quality of life, and gender/sex discrimination may be important deterrent factors to female applicants entering surgical specialties. Limited research exists on which factors are important in choosing urology as a specialty by female applicants. In this study, we aimed to determine which factors affect specialty choice in urology by medical school applicants and to identify any disparities by sex.