Endometriosis is a significant and prevalent health issue. Delayed diagnosis is common and the associated delay to treatment is associated with high socioeconomic and personal costs including chronic pain, infertility and reduced quality of life. There is a lack of studies documenting endometriosis pathways in Australia.

There is growing evidence that people with endometriosis are utilising cannabis, whether legally or illicitly procured, for management of pain and associated symptoms. As such, concerns over cannabis use as a medicine are foremost in clinicians' minds, particularly potential adverse effects. This study, a sub-set of a larger (n = 889) international survey investigating the self-reported effectiveness, safety and pharmaceutical de-prescribing trends of cannabis use in the endometriosis population, showed that 32% experienced side-effects associated with cannabis use, similar to published literature. However, some of these reported adverse effects have potential clinical utility and may require a more nuanced interpretation.

Secondary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) complicates approximately 1% of pregnancies and can cause significant morbidity. Understanding predisposing factors may aid its prevention and management.

A clinically robust RHD non-invasive prenatal test (RHD NIPT) was developed to predict fetal RhD status and optimise RhD Ig use for RhD-negative pregnant women in Western Australia. Using rigorous methodology and stakeholder engagement we created clinical guidelines and educational support tools, such as reference guides and consumer brochures, to enhance test uptake. Six months post-implementation, 90% of healthcare professionals surveyed felt confident offering the test, with 87% having ordered it. A guideline review of 50 women confirmed they all received appropriate RhD Ig use. This successful implementation of RhD NIPT screening in our tertiary obstetric centre ensured safe, targeted care for RhD-negative pregnancies.

Pregnancy provides a special opportunity to improve cervical screening test (CST) uptake and reduce cervical cancer. Screening in Australia is free for Medicare-eligible women ≥ 25 years if performed 5-yearly, but not sooner. Either women's self-reported last CST date or the National Cancer Screening Register (NCSR) can inform screening needs. However, accessing the NCSR is relatively difficult in public antenatal care.

Using a Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone Agonist (GnRHa) trigger and freezing all eggs or embryos is the most effective strategy for preventing Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) in IVF cycles. The literature predominantly suggests that severe OHSS can virtually be eliminated using the GnRHa trigger. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics and disease severity of OHSS in patients who received a GnRHa trigger compared to standard Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) trigger.

A growing body of evidence suggests that pelvic health physiotherapy is an effective, low-risk management strategy for women with endometriosis and vulvodynia. However, to date no study has identified which interventions Australian pelvic health physiotherapists are implementing in clinical practice to treat women with endometriosis and vulvodynia.

Installation of hyaluronic acid following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis is suggested to reduce intrauterine adhesion (IUA) reformation in women with Asherman's Syndrome (AS). We aimed to assess the impact of hyaluronic acid following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis on menstrual, surgical, fertility, obstetric and neonatal outcomes.

In many areas of the world, outpatient early medical abortion (EMA) is provided through mifepristone and misoprostol up to 10 weeks or 70 days gestation; however in Australia access is restricted to 63 days. A retrospective cohort study using South Australian data from 2012 to 2020 compares women undergoing abortion at less than 9 weeks with women undergoing abortion at less than 10 weeks. Currently, socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with a higher rate of presenting for abortion after 9 weeks. Extending EMA access would be of particular benefit for groups with socioeconomic disadvantage.

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopaenia (NAIT) is a rare but potentially serious condition where maternal antibodies result in destruction of foetal and neonatal platelets. At Middlemore Hospital in south Auckland, routine cord blood platelet counts were performed over many years.

Surgical management of pregnancy loss with retained products of conception (RPOC), may result in uterine perforation, incomplete evacuation, heavy blood loss, infection or cervical trauma. Ultrasound guidance could reduce complications.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was first developed to overcome male factor infertility. ICSI has increased in uptake globally, including in cases where its use is non-essential for fertilisation.

Early medical abortion (EMA) can be performed by administration of mifepristone and misoprostol in an outpatient setting prior to 63 days gestation in Australia. While this is a flexible, efficacious and safe option for abortion, it requires early identification of pregnancy and efficient access to a clinical service. Outpatient EMA with mifepristone and misoprostol was introduced in Australia in 2012 for gestations < 49 days, and extended to 63 days in 2015.

Although there is growing evidence supporting the use of cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs) for the management of chronic pain, there is a paucity of data on their effect on endometriosis-associated chronic pain.

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is currently diagnosed in approximately 18% of pregnancies in Australia. GDM may lead to infants being born large for gestational age (LGA), and other complications. There is currently no consensus on optimal treatment targets.

The NSW Birth Trauma Report identified flawed consent processes and poor calibre antenatal information to have harmed birthing women. Written informed consent for vaginal birth may improve carer accountability and is currently applied in limited circumstances, for example, vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC).

During the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, pregnant women and new mothers in Australia experienced extreme pandemic societal responses but low SARS-CoV-2 incidence. This offers one of the few opportunities internationally to learn from the pandemic's indirect effects on maternal health, informing future policy.

An estimated 73.3 million abortions occur annually worldwide. Second-trimester abortion is known to carry a higher risk of complications than first-trimester abortion, though the absolute risk is thought to be low. There is limited Australian data about second-trimester surgical abortions and no studies have looked at surgical complications.

Blood transfusion is an important treatment for obstetric haemorrhage. Transfusion also engenders significant short and long-term risks. Ensuring blood products are only given when necessary is a priority in improving outcomes.

While endometrial ablation (EA) offers a minimally invasive alternative to a hysterectomy for women suffering from abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), clinicians currently lack reliable predictive tools to identify which patients will experience treatment failure, leaving both providers and patients to make treatment decisions with incomplete prognostic information.