Normovolemic hypotension occurs due to vasodilation or loss of vascular tone in conditions such as distributive or neurogenic shock. Studies have shown that fluid therapy alone is insufficient in restoring blood pressure in normovolemic hypotension, necessitating the use of complementary drugs.

Ruminants mostly rely on crop residues for extended periods, often lacking essential minerals. Enhancing these low-quality feeds with supplements is a key intervention to improve feed intake, digestibility and animal performance. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of mineral soil (MS) and dicalcium phosphate (DCP) mix supplementation on feed intake, weight change, digestibility and carcass characteristics of Hararghe highland sheep fed on urea-treated maize stover (UTMS).

A total of 147 mares of different breeds (110 were sport or race horses, often very valuable) have been monitored over 5 years from 2012 to 2016. When at or near term, the mares were monitored in order to induce foaling, by checking the mammary development by palpation, analysing the colour and consistency of the precolostrum, estimating the calcium and antibodies concentrations in the precolostrum and by measuring the plasmatic progestagens concentration every day at 6 p.m. At the end of gestation, it has been observed that the progestagens rate levelled off (the top concentration varies from mare to mare: it can be as low as 35 ng/mL or up to 260 ng/mL) before falling sharply. Parturition was induced when the progestagens concentration fell of about 50% within 24 to 48 h. Induction was performed at 9 p.m. in 93 mares that followed the rule of the drop of progestagens (to respect the nycthemeral cycle) by a single IM oxytocin injection from 10 to 50 UI according to the weight of the mare (120 to 900 kg). Following the oxytocin injection, 90% (n = 84) of the foals were born within 20 to 50 min, 7.5% after 60 min (usually due to an excess of volume or dystocia), all alive and viable. Thirty to 60 min after birth, a manual delivery was performed for 71% (n = 66) of the mares. Among the 54 mares with spontaneous parturition (not induced because of insufficient proof of imminent birth), all foals were alive except for 2 twins that were found dead. A manual delivery was necessary for 17% (n = 9) of them. A 50% drop of the progestagens concentration is a good indication of the imminence of foaling: It is then safe to induce foaling, which usually results in a higher probability for a healthy foal and a reduced risk of genital lesions to the mare.

Hen breed and age are key factors influencing egg quality. In this study, 250 eggs were categorised into five groups: Lohmann Pink-shell (LMP, 50 ± 2 weeks), Dongxiang Green-shell (DXG, 50 ± 2 weeks), Dongxiang Pink-shell (DXP, 50 ± 2 weeks), first-laid Dongxiang Green-shell (DXGF, 23 ± 1 week), and first-laid Dongxiang Pink-shell (DXPF, 23 ± 1 week). We compared egg quality traits, biochemical parameters, chemical composition, and amino acid profiles across these groups. Average egg weights were 59.89 g (LMP), 52.11 g (DXG), 59.45 g (DXP), 42.01 g (DXGF), and 42.56 g (DXPF). Yolk colour scores were higher in DXGF (13.72) than in LMP, DXG, and DXP (12.93, 12.72, and 12.81, respectively; p < 0.05). Egg yolk high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were lower in LMP, DXG, and DXP (0.0316, 0.0390, and 0.0334 mmol/g, respectively) than in DXGF and DXPF (0.0411 and 0.0424 mmol/g; p < 0.05). Yolk crude fat was higher in DXG, DXP, DXGF, and DXPF (50.00%, 49.29%, 49.54%, and 49.93%, respectively) than in LMP (47.70%; p < 0.05). The EAA/TAA ratios in yolk ranged from 54.53 to 55.33, while those in albumen ranged from 53.38 to 53.71. Overall, this study demonstrates that hen breed and age significantly affect egg quality, biochemical traits, and amino acid composition. These findings may guide consumer egg selection and support the conservation and efficient utilization of chicken genetic resources.

Cryopreservation remains an essential technique for preserving fertility in reproductive medicine, yet its success is often limited by oxidative stress, membrane damage and DNA fragmentation, which compromise sperm quality. Advanced semen extender formulations-designed to balance oxidants and antioxidants, reduce lipid peroxidation and stabilize mitochondrial function-are critical for enhancing post-thaw sperm viability, motility and membrane integrity, ultimately refining cryopreservation methodologies within reproductive science. Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) has emerged as a promising natural cryoprotectant, that is, rich in polyphenols (such as quercetin and ellagic acid), vitamins (notably C and E) and essential minerals (including zinc and selenium) and has multiple protective mechanisms, including acting as an antioxidant, preserving membrane and DNA integrity, and modulating apoptotic pathways. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the dose-dependent efficacy of MO, in preserving sperm membrane fluidity and integrity, whereas mechanistic investigations have revealed its capacity to modulate apoptotic pathways and suppress oxidative stress. However, a notable limitation in the current literature is the lack of standardized Moringa preparation methods and the wide variability in dosages, which complicates direct comparisons between studies. In vitro studies consistently report favourable outcomes, supporting the therapeutic potential of MO as a novel adjuvant in advanced sperm extender formulations. However, further research, particularly large-animal trials on in vivo fertility rates, is warranted to fully explore its clinical applications. In light of the increasing interest in plant-derived cryoprotectants, this document critically reviews scientific data regarding the protective role of MO in semen cryopreservation in vitro and in vivo.

Malassezia pachydermatis is frequently detected among the microflora of endothermic vertebrates, acts opportunistically, and contributes to the development of dermatitis and otitis in humans and animals. Treating chronic or recurrent cases of external otitis can pose a challenge, and replacing common antibiotics and antifungal agents with nanoparticles can be crucial in mitigating drug resistance. The present study investigated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles' antifungal effects on Malassezia pachydermatis clinical isolates and Phospholipase A2 and Aspartyl proteinase gene expression.

The aim was to identify non-linear regression models, under the context of mixed models, to describe the growth trajectory of 'San Pedreño' Creole pigs based on two muscular measurements obtained using ultrasonography. The growth rates of 30 animals (9 barrows and 21 gilts) from 3.5 to 24 months of age, raised on traditional farms in different municipalities of Meta (Colombia), were evaluated over three replicates. In vivo ultrasonographic images for back fat thickness (BFT) and longissimus dorsi muscle width (LMA) were obtained for each animal. Ultrasound measurements of LMA and BFT were performed at a single anatomical point of the live pigs, in the dorsal midline region (left/right). Comparison between sexes was done with a one-way PERMANOVA. Correlations were done with the Spearman's r coefficient. The traits body weight (BW), BFT and LMA were calculated as a function of each animal age (days) using each of the following non-linear models: quadratic, exponential, von Bertalanffy, Michaelis-Menten, Logistic, Gompertz, Gaussian and Hill's equation. Traits were not significantly different between males and females (F = 0.437; p = 0.578). The variability of BFT and LMA tended to decrease with age (r = 0.265 and 0.317 for BFT and LMA, respectively, p < 0.001). Correlation between both carcass traits was high (r = 0.702, p < 0.001). The BFT growth in 'San Pedreño' Creole pigs can be described by applying the Hill equation and LMA growth by the quadratic model, applied to field data in live pigs.

Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are significant intestinal protozoan parasites affecting humans and animals worldwide. These infections are transmitted through the faecal-oral route, by contaminated water, food or close contact with infected hosts. The zoonotic risk of transmission from reptiles is considered low; yet, limited research exists regarding Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in these animals. This study investigated the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in reptile faecal samples from a breeding farm in the Chonburi Province, Eastern Thailand. The test population included 363 iguanas, 50 tortoises, 79 bearded dragons and nine snakes. DNA extraction from faecal samples was performed, followed by nested PCR for Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis, and all positive samples were sequenced for molecular characterisation. Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis were detected in 13 and 25 out of 501 faecal samples, respectively. Specifically, seven of 363 iguana samples and six of 79 bearded dragon samples tested positive for Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium avium was found in 11 samples, and one sample revealed Cryptosporidium serpentis; the remaining sample could not be identified at the species level. For G. duodenalis, 15 of 363 iguanas tested positive, along with six of 79 bearded dragons, two of 50 tortoises and two of nine snakes. Only G. duodenalis assemblage B was identified in positive samples. This study provides epidemiological information on the infection rate and distribution of species of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in a breeding reptile farm in Chonburi Province, Eastern Thailand, and the findings are discussed in the context of the scientific literature. SUMMARY: This study represents one of the largest surveys on Cryptosporidium and Giardia duodenalis in reptiles. Cryptosporidium avium, typically associated with avian hosts, was the predominant Cryptosporidium species identified in iguanas and bearded dragons. Giardia duodenalis assemblage B, known for its zoonotic potential, was the primary assemblage found in iguanas.

The presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and heavy metals in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has significant public health concerns.

Pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is one of the most commercially and nutritionally valuable aquaculture species in Bangladesh. In recent years, outbreaks of bacterial diseases, particularly those caused by Aeromonas hydrophila, have posed serious challenges to its production. The frequent and often indiscriminate use of antibiotics for disease management has intensified the problem of antimicrobial resistance, emphasising the urgent need for safe, effective and sustainable alternatives.

Aflatoxins are toxic fungal metabolites produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, posing serious health risks when they contaminate food and animal feed. In dairy systems, ingested aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is metabolized in lactating cows and excreted in milk as aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), transferring the toxic burden to consumers. This study provides the first region-specific quantitative assessment of total aflatoxin contamination in dairy cattle feed across five major towns in Tigray, northern Ethiopia: Mekelle, Wukro, Adigrat, Korem and Alamata. Feed samples were analysed using the Competitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay system. A cross-sectional survey conducted from February to May 2025 involved 143 feed samples collected directly from farms. Substantial spatial variability in aflatoxin concentrations was observed across the study area. The mean total aflatoxin concentration was 8.84 µg/kg (SD = 15.21), with 22.4% of samples exceeding the Ethiopian regulatory limit (20 µg/kg), 29.1% surpassing the European Union threshold (5 µg/kg) and 74.1% falling below the EU limit. Roughage-based and traditional feeds showed significantly higher contamination than commercial concentrates. Major risk factors included high storage temperature, extended storage duration, soil-floor storage and the presence of toxigenic fungi, particularly A. flavus and A. parasiticus. Multivariate analysis confirmed fungal species type and total fungal colony count as the strongest predictors of aflatoxin levels. Alarmingly, 81.8% of farmers lacked awareness of aflatoxins, and 68.5% stored feed outdoors under unsafe conditions. Fungal isolation, species identification, toxigenicity testing and detection of aflatoxin metabolites in milk or meat were not included in this study. These findings reveal a systemic feed safety issue in the dairy sector of Tigray and indicate the need for integrated interventions, including farmer education, improved storage practices, routine monitoring and stricter regulatory enforcement. These baseline data are critical for informing local feed safety interventions and guiding aflatoxin risk management and policy development to support sustainable dairy production and public health in Ethiopia.

A field efficacy trial was conducted on three farms to evaluate a novel combined vaccine containing porcine circovirus types 2a/d (PCV2a/d), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and M. hyorhinis.

Cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid widely used in agricultural land areas and also for ectoparasitic control in livestock, has been implicated in various health effects. The study was conducted to elucidate the histopathological and biochemical consequences of low-dose cypermethrin exposure in Swiss albino mice. A total of 30 mice were randomly divided into two groups: Control group (n = 15), fed standard diet and tap water, and treated group (n = 15), supplied with 0.12 mL/kg cypermethrin dissolved in 3 mL of drinking water once daily for 28 days. Histopathological evaluations of the liver and kidney, along with biochemical markers including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, were considered as indicators of low-dose cypermethrin effects. The treated mice exhibited potential phenotypic characteristics including reduced body weight, shaggy fur and limb distention. Biochemical analysis revealed significant (****p < 0.0001) elevation of AST, ALT, BUN and creatinine values than control. Histopathological examination manifested severe damage to both organs. Hepatocyte hypertrophy, vacuolation, Kupffer cell proliferation, severe haemorrhage and disrupted sinusoidal architecture, infiltration of massive inflammatory cells, disappearance of normal hepatocytes found in liver. Renal tissues displayed glomerulosclerosis, tubular necrosis, loss of normal glomerular structure, proliferation of inflammatory cells and blackish discoloration of glomerulus. A significant (*p < 0.05) reduction of cell density (per unit of area) was also found in treated compared to control mice. In conclusion, this study suggests that exposure to cypermethrin at certain low dose causes histopathological and biochemical changes in the liver and kidney of Swiss albino mice.

Parasitic infections are prevalent among lambs in the subtropics, adversely affecting immunity, liver health and growth performance. To efficiently combat these issues, herbs as supplements are an effective approach.

Ticks are major ectoparasites affecting livestock health and productivity. Their sex ratio and host specificity influence pathogen transmission.

Distal supracondylar femur fractures are common orthopaedic injuries in cats, requiring stable fixation for optimal healing. Traditional fixation methods have limitations, leading to the exploration of alternative techniques. The EFECE system, a novel fracture fixation method, aims to provide effective stabilization while minimizing complications.

To better understand the molecular biological characteristics and strain types of Brucella in Hulunbuir, Arun Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, through isolation, biochemical identification, AMOS-PCR, and multiple locus sequence typing (MLST) of Brucella strains from human brucellosis patients, and to provide a reference for the scientific prevention and control of brucellosis in this region.

Canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1), as a member of the Varicellovirus, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae and family Herpesviridae, is mainly transmitted at birth but can also spread venereally and transplacentally. In addition, CHV-1 establishes a latent carrier state in the body and can reactivate due to stress or immunosuppression. CHV-1 distribution varies worldwide but is believed to have a global distribution. CHV-1 infection in adult canines can manifest as a spectrum of ocular from eyelid inflammation (blepharitis) and conjunctival inflammation (conjunctivitis) to more severe corneal conditions, including ulcerative and non-ulcerative keratitis. Moreover, CHV-1 in adult canines can lead to a range of reproductive effects, from submucosal vascular congestion and bleeding to foetal expulsion and preterm birth of live offspring. Subclinical or mildly symptomatic upper respiratory tract disease can manifest in juvenile and adult canines. Prophylactic topical antimicrobial therapy is recommended to prevent disease progression in dogs with CHV-1 ocular disease. However, the environmental temperature increase for affected puppies fails to modify the disease progression. Environmental variables, including breeding facility size and animal population density, facilitate herpesvirus transmission and subsequent immune responses. There are various diagnostic techniques, but the most prevalent method is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for viral DNA detection. Due to the global distribution of the virus and its effects, such as ocular and reproductive effects and subsequent financial losses, it is recommended that infected dogs be identified and treated promptly, as well as prevent its transmission.

Proteus mirabilis is a common opportunistic zoonotic pathogen frequently linked to a wide range of human infections acquired in the community and hospital-acquired infections. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in P. mirabilis, largely driven by antibiotic overuse in both human and veterinary medicine, poses a growing global concern. This study aimed to investigate the association between biofilm formation, virulence gene expression and antibiotic resistance in P. mirabilis isolates collected from broiler chickens.

The MAPK/ERK pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of milk production by controlling cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation and survival, which are essential for lactogenesis and mammary gland function. Bubalus bubalis (Water buffalo), known for its unique physiological and ecological characteristics, serves as an ideal model to explore the evolutionary and molecular roles of MAPK/ERK pathway genes. This study presents the first comprehensive computational analysis of MAPK/ERK genes in B. bubalis, identifying 21 key genes involved in the pathway. Phylogenetic analysis clustered these genes into 13 distinct clades, such as MST1, GRB2, RAS, ETS1, JUN and FOS, and revealed close evolutionary relationships with Bos taurus and Camelus bactrianus. Structural characterization identified 10 conserved motifs, including essential domains like protein kinase, ETS and RAS, reflecting their functional significance. Gene structure analysis revealed substantial variation in exon-intron patterns, while synteny analysis confirmed collinearity with human orthologs, indicating genomic conservation. Physicochemical analysis highlighted a broad range of molecular weights and isoelectric points, with most proteins classified as hydrophilic and thermostable. Gene duplication and selection analyses revealed seven segmentally duplicated gene pairs, with the JUN-ETS1 and DUSP6-MST1 pairs showing evidence of positive selection, suggesting functional divergence. These findings establish a foundational understanding of MAPK/ERK pathway genes in B. bubalis and provide valuable insights into potential targets for genetic improvement, selective breeding and sustainable dairy management strategies aimed at enhancing milk production and quality.

Globally, CCPP is a serious mycoplasmal disease of goat with high morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of CCPP in goats in Yabello and Elweye districts of Borana zone, Oromia region, Southern Ethiopia.