The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is now part of our lives. Many children still experience post-COVID respiratory conditions and require evaluation and follow-up.

Patient care ownership (PCO) has become of great concern in worldwide physician training and the National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD) in Japan. There are only a few reports on PCO in Japan. We previously reported work time reduction and mental improvements in relation to implementing shiftwork and work style reform at the NCCHD. This study aimed to measure the baseline of PCO and explore the relationships between PCO and mental well-being and work conditions in pediatric training at the NCCHD.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a life-saving treatment for children with various malignant and nonmalignant hematological disorders. We aimed to evaluate the abnormalities after autologous and allogeneic HSCT in children by monitoring ventilation heterogeneity derived from nitrogen multiple breath washout (NMBW) data and lung ultrasonography. In addition, we aimed to find the effect of drugs used for conditioning and/or graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis on high ventilation heterogeneity in children after HSCT.

White matter abnormalities (WMAs), which are common in patients with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection, have not been widely studied in terms of their impact on neurological prognosis. The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical significance of postmyelinating WMAs on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head in patients with cCMV infection.

Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) is defined as an infection with a positive blood culture within the first 7 days of life. The categorical risk assessment guideline from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is used to manage high-risk infants, but it often results in a high rate of antibiotic use. A neonatal early-onset sepsis calculator (EOS calculator) was developed to reduce the overuse of antibiotics.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and compare anxiety and depression symptom levels between children with and without duodenogastric reflux (DGR), all presenting with similar gastrointestinal (GI) complaints.

Although a seven-day course of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is recommended for adult patients, the optimal duration in children remains unclear. Our study described the management of pediatric VAP by focusing on the treatment and clinical outcomes.