The bioactive components of Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza improved cardiac and renal function in chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), respectively. However, the common regulating molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate these mechanisms using bioinformatics, network topology, and molecular dynamics simulation techniques.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a well-established potentially fatal condition which is considered an oncologic emergency. TLS typically develops from the rapid lysis of neoplastic cells after the commencement of cytotoxic treatment in patients with some kinds of lymphomas, especially the Burkitt variant, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Spontaneous TLS (STLS), a variant of TLS occurring in the absence of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, has been observed in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and acute leukemia, and rarely in solid neoplasms. In this paper, we present a 62-year-old woman with STLS, secondary to metastatic breast cancer. Unfortunately, she died because of complications of acute kidney injury, especially severe metabolic acidosis that was refractory to hemodialysis. Although it is infrequent, healthcare professionals should consider STLS as a probable consequence of breast cancer characterized by a high tumor burden and distant metastases.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, leading to end-stage kidney disease and increased mortality. Early detection and treatment are essential to prevent DN. This study aims to develop a diagnostic prediction model for early DN.  Methods. This retrospective analysis study was conducted on 205 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated between September 2019 and September 2022. Patients with stage A1 albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) (< 30 mg/g) were categorized as the simple diabetes mellitus group (n = 134), and those with ACR 30-300 mg/g at stage A2 were classified as the early diabetic nephropathy group (n = 71). Relevant ultrasound parameters and hematological indices were selected through univariate and multivariate screenings. A nomogram model was constructed based on the results of multi-factor screening. Internal validation was performed by using Bootstrap methods with 1000 repetitions, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluated model differentiation, calibration curves verified model consistency, and decision curve analysis assessed clinical utility.  Results. Multivariate logistic regression identified renal artery resistance index (RI), renal cortex shear wave velocity (SWV), Cystatin C (CysC), Retinol-binding protein (RBP), and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) as significant factors for early DN (all P < .05). The nomogram model showed good differentiation and consistency and has high clinical value and practicality in predicting DN.

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is defined as one of the most common genetic disorders and the cause of kidney failure or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Several studies have shown that renin-angiotensin system has an important role in pathogenesis of ADPKD. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene Deletion/Deletion (D/D) polymorphism and risk of ADPKD among Iranian patients from west Azerbaijan province of Iran.

Th is study was conducted to explore the role of OIP5-AS1 in a fibrosis cell model through its interaction with miR-181a-5p.

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a recommended dialysis modality for hemodynamically unstable and critically ill patients with kidney failure. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of variations in serum phosphate levels based on the dialysate used during CRRT and to determine the impact of prognosis and mortality of patients with using dialysate solutions with diverse electrolyte compositions.

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is one of the major obstacles to successful kidney transplantation. The T helper cell subset that plays a key role in the activation of B-lymphocytes and antibody production is T follicular helper (Tfh) cell. Therefore, we aimed to compare the percentage of Tfh cells and the serum level of interleukin 21 (IL-21), mainly secreted by this subset, in patients with AMR and stable recipients.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), as a widespread inherited cystic kidney disease has a prevalence of ~1/1000 live births. However, there are rare reports of the association of ADPKD with nephrotic range proteinuria such as lupus nephritis (LN). In this study, we report a patient with ADPKD who manifested a sudden increase of urinary protein excretion with positive anti-double stranded DNA and antinuclear antibody tests. Finally, based on percutaneous ultrasound-guided renal biopsy LN was proved. This report advises clinicians to evaluate ADPKD patients periodically and perform complementary clinical and laboratory investigations in cases with unusual presentations such as nephrotic syndrome.

In October 2024, an Iranian educational nephrology team visited Tajikistan to participate in a continuous medical education (CME) course. This report represents the results of their trip from their perspective.

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is commonly used in patients with hemodynamic instability but is associated with potential complications. Understanding these complications can improve CRRT efficiency and patient outcomes.

To investigate the effect of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in patients with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) by using Nafamostat Mesilate (NM).

Immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis (IC-GN) has a poor prognosis and commonly leads to kidney failure This study reports 20-year experience with the long-term outcomes of 222 Iranian IC-GN patients.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is commonly precipitated by sepsis. Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVHD) is a critical intervention for managing AKI, but further exploration is needed to understand its effects on novel renal injury markers and patient outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of CVVHD on novel renal injury markers and its prognostic significance in individuals suffering from sepsis-related AKI.

Activation of the complement system following transplantation may result in allograft rejection. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential relationship between factors affecting kidney transplant success and complement 5 (C5) using bioinformatic tools.

Uremic pruritus (UP) is a disturbing symptom in a quite large proportion of hemodialysis (HD) patients. Recent studies have indicated a potential role of interleukin-31 (IL-31) in the pathophysiology of pruritus, and it is becoming a promising therapeutic target for UP. Hemoperfusion (HP) is an extracorporeal technique that has been shown to be effective in absorbing molecules which may be responsible for inducing pruritus. In this study, we conducted this study to explore whether additional HP could enhance the removal of IL-31 in UP patients.

This study was conducted to evaluate the predictive power of the Surgical Apgar Score (SAS) based on surgical blood loss, the lowest intraoperative heart rate and mean arterial pressure in foreseeing short- and long-term effects of radical nephrectomy (RN) on renal function.

This epidemiological study aimed to identify the primary categories of kidney pathology diagnosis and their prevalence among patients admitted to Shahid Labbafinezhad Teaching Hospital. We included 1006 kidney biopsy findings from 2019 to 2022. The majority of kidney patients (78%) were between the ages of 20 and 60 years. Nephrotic syndrome made up 62% of the patient population. The findings revealed that primary glomerulonephritis, secondary glomerulonephritis, tubular/interstitial nephritis, end-stage kidney disease, and unclassified cases accounted for 63%, 17%, 12%, 6%, and 2% of kidney disease cases, respectively. The inclusion of a large number of patients from various regions across the country, combined with the expertise of the laboratory staff, underscores the reliability and significance of the results obtained in this study.

Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is highly prevalent among patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), and it has been proposed that oxidative stress (OS) may contribute to its pathogenesis. This study was an attempt to determine the association between the presence of PEW and OS levels in PD patients.

Ischemia followed by reperfusion in organ transplantations can lead to ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, which is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Alpha-pinene is an organic terpene with well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. This study examines the preventive effects of alpha-pinene against renal I-R-induced kidney dysfunction, oxidative and inflammatory status, apoptosis, and histopathology changes.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with reported incidences ranging from 20-70% within the first 100 days post-transplant. AKI can adversely impact outcomes and survival in this patient population.