To update the national guidelines for proton therapy to reflect the evolving literature. The Saudi Particle Therapy Centre is making efforts to establish proton therapy services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

To investigate the incidence and nature of unusual histopathological findings in appendectomy specimens and assess their impact on post-appendectomy management.

To evaluate unplanned reoperation (URO) as a quality indicator and identify its rate and associated risk factors at our institution. Parental satisfaction and patient safety are crucial, necessitating an investigation into the factors influencing unplanned return to the operating room rates. Understanding the reasons behind UROs and how to prevent them is vital for improving surgical services.

To classify serous effusions using the ISRSFC and assess malignancy risk across diagnostic categories, considering patient demographics and clinical features. Serous fluid cytopathology is a minimally invasive, cost-effective method for diagnosing benign and malignant conditions. The International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology (ISRSFC) standardizes reporting, yet data from Saudi Arabia are limited.

To study the different cellular death mechanisms between viral cirrhosis and alcoholic cirrhosis. The research investigated autophagy and apoptosis mechanisms in hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and alcohol-induced cirrhosis.

To promote healthy habits among pharmacy students through curriculum-embedded challenges. Student well-being is a growing concern in Saudi pharmacy education, with high rates of stress and poor health behaviors reported among students. Traditional interventions often fall short in bridging the gap between awareness and action.

To examine the relationships between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in myringosclerosis after ventilation tube insertion (VTI).

To provide an accurate estimate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence among children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) by benchmarking against international and regional data, addressing the limitations of the currently reported prevalence rate of 0.6%.

To assess the long-term effects and mortality rates associated with GH therapy in patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). Prader-Willi Syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by growth hormone (GH) deficiency among other endocrine disorders.

To investigate the association of β-galactoside α2-6 sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1) expression with hormone receptor (HR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and other clinicopathological parameters, including histological grade, stage, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and survival in breast carcinomas (BCs).

To present our institutional experience with pediatric morgagni hernia (MH) emphasizing the presentation, diagnostic workup, surgical techniques, and follow-up.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in communication, social interaction, and behavior. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing the clinical presentation of children with ASD in Saudi Arabia, focusing on demographic, medical, and environmental determinants.

To assess the prognostic significance of Borrmann classification subtypes in patients with stage 2-3 gastric cancer who underwent surgical treatment.

Thyroid disorders encompass a variety of autoimmune conditions such as Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, as well as several types of thyroid cancer. Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing methodologies have elucidated significant genetic mutations, which include , , , and more, which are associated with thyroid cancers and autoimmune disorders. BRAF V600E mutation as an indicator of prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma or the identification of genetic markers clarifies treatment strategies. Similarly, polymorphisms in immune regulatory genes such as , particularly when combined with , are linked to higher risk to autoimmune thyroid diseases. Molecular analysis plays a central role in achieving high diagnostic precision. Emerging molecular profiles offer further insight into the complex nature of these multifactorial conditions. This review highlights the impact of genetic and molecular research on diagnosis and management, highlighting the importance of these approaches for precision medicine in thyroid disorders.

To describe the utilization of the My Visit application for video calls between patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) and their families during the .COVID-19 pandemic as an alternative to hospital visits.