Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is an emerging nosocomial pathogen with complex antimicrobial resistance. We conducted a retrospective study in intensive care units (August 2022-December 2024) involving thirteen patients (ten adults, three paediatric). Universal resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam, aminoglycosides but susceptibility to minocycline was observed. Environmental sampling revealed contamination in water outlets and sink holes. Whole genome sequencing demonstrated clonal relationships between clinical and environmental isolates, confirming nosocomial transmission. Neurological complications were significantly associated with mortality. Following targeted interventions including enhanced disinfection and thermal water flushing, no new cases occurred during three-month follow-up. This study highlights environmental surveillance and integrated infection control importance.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent in pregnancy and may contribute to problems including pyelonephritis, premature labour, and low birth weight. Rising antimicrobial resistance has impacted the efficiency of conventional oral antibiotics, emphasising the significance of alternatives, such as fosfomycin. To determine the frequency of fosfomycin resistance in uropathogens isolated from pregnant women, evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility, and identify fosA and fosA3 resistance genes.

Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) poses diagnostic difficulties due to its vague symptoms and low bacterial load. Culture, the gold standard, is limited by a prolonged turnaround time of up to eight weeks. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra), a rapid, automated molecular test, can detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in under two hours. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert Ultra for abdominal TB using both culture and a composite reference standard (CRS), and assessed its agreement in rifampicin resistance detection with phenotypic and genotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST).

Spleen and liver are the most commonly affected extrapulmonary visceral organs in melioidosis. We present the clinical features and outcome of nineteen cases of hepatosplenic abscess due to Burkholderia pseudomallei reported between 2015 and 2023. Isolated liver abscess, isolated splenic involvement and concurrent liver and spleen abscess were seen in 5 (26 %), 7 (37 %) and 7 (37 %) patients correspondingly. Honeycomb sign was seen in 10 (83 %) patients with liver abscess. Splenic involvement in the form multiple microabscesses was seen in 4 (29 %) patients and multiple larger discrete and coalescent abscesses in 10 (71 %) patients. Seventeen patients recovered with treatment.

Cefiderocol (FDC) is regarded as a reserved therapeutic option for serious CRE infections. In an earlier study, we had reported a 9.9 % FDC resistance in CRE isolates. In the present study, we are reporting the whole genome sequencing analysis findings of two FDC-resistant CRE (One E. coli and one K. pneumoniae). PBP3 insertions and mutations in the siderophore receptor cirA were the primary drivers of FDC resistance in E. coli. In K. pneumoniae, there was intact porin and a single copy of bla, and a combination of β-lactamase and carbapenem resistance genes, including bla, blabla and bla.

We report an outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia in a cardiothoracic surgery intensive care unit. Four cases of bloodstream infections were reported between August 16, 2024 and August 31, 2024. Microbiological surveillance of clean and sterile material from the unit revealed growth of B. cepacia from opened and sealed ultrasound gel bottles. Further cultures acquired from ultrasound gel containers from other units also grew B. cepacia and hence displaced by single use sterile gel. The outbreak was regarded terminated by the first week of September 2024 as no additional cases were described.

To evaluate the in-vitro activity of fosfomycin in urinary isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and look for the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance to this antibiotic.

Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, representing a critical emergency that demands swift diagnosis and intervention. Recent trend shows increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics.

Human rhinovirus (HRV), a member of the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family is a major respiratory pathogen and the leading cause of upper respiratory tract infections. Given the limited information on HRV prevalence and molecular epidemiology in Northeast India, this study investigated circulating HRV strains in the region from 2015 to 2018.

Escherichia coli is a major pathogen in bloodstream infections (BSIs), with increasing concern over antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the evolving pathogenic potential of phylogroups traditionally considered commensal. This study investigates the genetic characteristics of E. coli isolates causing BSIs in India, with a focus on phylogroups A to F.

Malaria diagnosis is often difficult in cases with low parasitaemia and atypical presentations. We report a 30-year-old male with high-grade fever, chills, and vomiting. At admission, he was afebrile, pale, and had progressive splenomegaly. Despite extensive investigations, including multiple peripheral blood smears and malaria rapid diagnostic tests, results were negative. Bone marrow examination revealed rare red blood cells with Plasmodium spp., confirmed by PCR from the marrow aspirate slide. He completely recovered after treatment with Artemether-Lumefantrine and Primaquine. This case underscores the value of bone marrow microscopy and PCR in diagnosing malaria in patients with unexplained cytopenias and splenomegaly.

Pertussis is an acute respiratory disease primarily caused by Bordetella pertussis, and its incidence has shown a resurgence. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a recognized molecular detection method, and various related detection methods have emerged.

Sterile pyuria poses a diagnostic challenge due to varied aetiologies. Atypical pathogens including Chlamydia trachomatis and genital mycoplasmas are considered etiological agents but are under-reported, especially in resource-limited settings. This study determined the prevalence of these atypical pathogens in sterile pyuria patients.

Catheter related bloodstream infections are a common concern in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients. We report a case of CKD with an indwelling left IJV Permacath who developed fever and chills during dialysis. Investigations showed leukocytosis, elevated CRP (75 mg/L), and procalcitonin (9.1 ng/mL). Paired blood cultures grew Kocuria rhizophila, identified by MALDI-TOF, with a two-hour difference in positivity indicating CRBSI. Vancomycin led to improvement and antibiotic lock therapy was initiated. This case highlights that rare organisms such as K. rhizophila can be true pathogens in dialysis patients, and correct identification with MALDI-TOF alongside clinical correlation is crucial for appropriate management.

Measles virus (MeV) transmission pathways can be traced via molecular surveillance based on the N-450 region of the Nucleocapsid gene of the virus. Genetic characterization of MeV can identify the circulating genotypes in a given area and provide insights into vaccine efficacy on them.

E. coli is a frequently encountered clinical pathogen, and periodic monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles is crucial for defining roadmaps for both infection prevention and control practices.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the gut microbiome progressively evolves during infancy. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of WHO Critical Priority Enterobacteriaceae in infants' gut commensals and investigate the factors associated with the development of AMR.

Recently, Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a major threat worldwide. Due to the frequent use of last-resort antimicrobials, the emergence of carbapenem and tigecycline-resistant strains has become more common in the hospital environment. This has impelled to the inclusion of colistin against MDR bacteria. This study evaluates the resistance pattern to last resort antibiotics such as carbapenems, tigecycline, and colistin, as well as compares the VITEK-2 MIC result of colistin with the broth microdilution method (BMD).

Although Aeromonas dhakensis has recently been reported as an important human pathogen, it is still less frequently identified in comparison to Aeromonas hydrophila or Aeromonas caviae, due to the problem of identification in certain automated systems. This case report provides an impetus to identify and report this organism as soon as possible. Further studies on this organism's virulence and pathogenic mechanism, especially in healthcare settings, are warranted.