We conducted a comprehensive scoping review of network research in the field of eating disorders (EDs).

Several professional organizations and federal agencies recommend contingency management (CM) as an empirically supported treatment for drug use disorder. However, the release of the "Tolin criteria" warrants an updated recommendation. Using this methodology, five meta-analyses (84 studies, 11,000 participants) were reviewed. Two meta-analyses were rated moderate quality, and three were rated low or critically low quality. Comparator conditions included active treatment, placebo, treatment as usual, and no treatment. The primary outcome was abstinence. Considering only the moderate quality meta-analyses, the effect of CM versus control on posttreatment abstinence was = 0.54 [0.43, 0.64] and follow-up abstinence was =0.08 [0.00, 0.16]. A "strong" recommendation was provided for CM as an empirically supported treatment for drug use disorder.

Substance use disorders commonly onset during adolescence, yet the best available treatments yield only modest and transient effects. Elucidating treatment mediators is essential for improving treatment options. This review summarizes over 20 years of research on mediators of adolescent substance use treatment; = 17 studies assessing both treatment or treatment ingredient to mediator ( path) and mediator to treatment outcome ( path) paths were included. Mediators were categorized using the Science of Behavior Change target class framework. Overall, mediation tests supported four of eight self-regulation, two of 10 stress resilience and reactivity, six of 19 interpersonal and social process, and two of four treatment engagement and adherence mediators. To enhance the capacity of this work to inform clinical practice, we recommend future research examine theoretically informed mechanisms using temporally sequenced data among other methodological guidelines.

Accommodation is widely documented and studied among internalizing disorders; however, the conceptualization and study of accommodation in the context of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is relatively nascent. PTSD entails many diagnostic criteria-including exposure to a distinct Criterion A event, emotional numbing, and anger-that may uniquely influence accommodation and merit special consideration. Our aim was to review the impact of accommodation in PTSD, compare and contrast accommodation in PTSD to other disorders with a strong empirical evidence base regarding accommodation, and highlight considerations unique to PTSD and associated implications for accommodation. We conclude by providing considerations for future research and practice.

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is the tendency to react negatively to uncertain situations. In this review, we critically evaluate the evidence for IU as a cognitive vulnerability for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including (a) evidence for a robust association between IU and OCD symptoms, (b) evidence that IU is stable and trait-like, (c) evidence for IU as a causal risk factor that influences the development of OCD directly or indirectly, and (d) evidence that IU is malleable to intervention. The available evidence suggests that IU is likely a candidate cognitive vulnerability factor for OCD, though additional research is needed to determine if increasing tolerance for uncertainty is a mechanism of effective OCD treatment. Future research examining IU across multiple levels of analysis and a more rigorous examination of the nomological network of IU may identify specific pathways contributing to the development and maintenance of OCD.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a commonly used treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) but has not been evaluated using the American Psychological Association's "Tolin Criteria" for determining the empirical basis of psychological treatments. The current systematic review evaluated five meta-analyses of CBT for SUD. One meta-analysis had sufficient quality to be considered in the evaluation of effect sizes. CBT produced small to moderate effects on substance use when compared to inactive treatment and was most effective at early follow-up (1-6 months post-treatment) compared to late follow-up (8+ months post-treatment). Sensitivity analyses including all five meta-analyses found similar results. A "strong recommendation" was provided for CBT as an empirically supported treatment for SUD, based on effects on substance use, quality of evidence, and consideration of contextual factors (e.g., efficacy in diverse populations).

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations report numerous mental health disparities relative to heterosexual and cisgender populations, due in part to the effects of minority stress. This article evaluated self-compassion as a coping resource among SGM populations by (a) meta-analyzing the associations between self-compassion, minority stress, and mental health; and (b) synthesizing evidence for the mediating effects of self-compassion between minority stress and mental health. Systematic searches of databases identified 21 papers for the systematic review and 19 for the meta-analysis. Significant meta-analytic associations were found between self-compassion and minority stress ( = 4,296, = -.29), psychological distress ( = 3,931, = -.59), and well-being ( = 2,493, = .50). The research synthesis identified supporting evidence for self-compassion as a coping resource for SGM people. The results of this review warrant further self-compassion research, particularly longitudinal research, for SGM populations.

The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) is a widely used self-rated measure of DSM-5 PTSD symptoms. The goal of this systematic review was to synthesize research on the psychometric properties of the PCL-5 to guide clinical and research applications. We focused on reliability, validity, factor structure, optimal cutoff scores, and sensitivity to clinical change indices. A systematic review of the literature following PRISMA guidelines was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and PTSDpubs with search terms capturing selected psychometric indices of the PCL-5. The inclusion criteria were: peer-reviewed publication in English; primary focus on the PCL-5 psychometrics; empirical study; and study with adult samples. The search yielded 265 studies; 56 papers (amounting to 64 studies) met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Findings generally indicated evidence for: acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability; construct validity; a 7-factor Hybrid Model; recommended cutoff scores between 31-33; and ability to index sensitivity to clinical change. To further advance knowledge and applications of the PCL-5, we need more research on abbreviated versions of the PCL-5, bifactor modeling as applied to the PCL-5, as well as on PCL-5 item difficulty estimates, discrimination parameters, and clinical change score estimates.

Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is a transdiagnostic risk factor and potential treatment target for prevention of associated psychopathology and negative health behaviors. We conducted a meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy of brief interventions in at-risk samples for reducing AS and associated clinical/behavioral outcomes (e.g., depression, alcohol use) across 28 studies (1,998 participants). AS targeted interventions, compared to control conditions, evidenced a significant moderate effect size for alleviating AS from pre- to post-treatment ( = 0.54) and approached a large effect size from pre-treatment to short-term follow-up ( = 0.78). The effect size for long-term follow-up did not reach significance ( = 0.29). For clinical/behavioral outcomes, AS interventions demonstrated significant small-to-moderate effect sizes for the three timepoints examined ('s = 0.20-0.41). Our findings help validate AS as a modifiable mechanistic target for prevention efforts.

There is a growing literature of clinical recommendations for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) affirming behavioral health care, yet it is unknown to what extent these recommendations are rooted in evidence-based practice (EBP). This systematic review included 65 articles published between 2009 and 2018 with recommendations for behavioral health services with TGD adults, emphasizing general clinical care. Coded variables included type of article, participant demographics, aspects of EBP, and whether care was informed by objective assessment. Most articles did not equally draw from all components of EBP. Recommendations for specific clinical problems are increasingly available and address diversity within TGD communities. More research, including clinical trials adapting established interventions, is needed to inform state-of-the-art TGD-affirmative behavioral health care.

The American Psychological Association's Society of Clinical Psychology recently adopted the "Tolin Criteria" to evaluate empirically supported treatments. These criteria better account for strength and quality of rapidly accumulating evidence bases for various treatments. Here we apply this framework to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). Following procedures outlined by Tolin, McKay, et al. (2015), Step 1 included an examination of quantitative systematic reviews; nine met inclusion criteria. Step 2 evaluated review quality and effect size data. We found high-quality evidence that CBT-I produces clinically and statistically significant effects on insomnia and other sleep-related outcomes. Based on the Tolin Criteria, the literature merits a "strong" recommendation for CBT-I. This report is a working model for subsequent applications of the Tolin Criteria.

Augmented reality (AR) is a rapidly emerging technology that superimposes digital objects onto real-world scenes as viewed in real time through a smartphone, tablet, or headset. Whereas AR has been adopted for retail, entertainment, and professional training, it also has potential as a novel, mobile, and efficacious treatment modality for psychological disorders. In particular, extinction-based therapies (e.g., anxiety, substance use disorders) could utilize AR to present stimuli in natural environments, enhancing generalizability beyond the clinic. The limited psychological literature on AR has focused on the treatment of simple phobias. Here, with the goal of bringing this technology to the attention of clinicians and researchers, we describe AR, contrast it with virtual reality, review the theoretical foundation for extinction-based therapies, provide examples for the treatment of substance use disorders, and identify theoretical, practical, and implementation-based research questions.

A lack of effective therapist training is a major barrier to evidence-based intervention (EBI) delivery in the community. Systematic reviews published nearly a decade ago suggested that traditional EBI training leads to higher knowledge but not more EBI use, indicating that more work is needed to optimize EBI training and implementation. This systematic review synthesizes the training literature published since 2010 to evaluate how different training models (workshop, workshop with consultation, online training, train-the-trainer, and intensive training) affect therapists' knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors. Results and limitations for each approach are discussed. Findings show that training has advanced beyond provision of manuals and brief workshops; more intensive training models show promise for changing therapist behavior. However, methodological issues persist, limiting conclusions and pointing to important areas for future research.

Telemental health conducted via videoconferencing (TMH-V) has the potential to improve access to care, and providers' attitudes toward this innovation play a crucial role in its uptake. This systematic review examined providers' attitudes toward TMH-V through the lens of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). Findings suggest that providers have positive overall attitudes toward TMH-V despite describing multiple drawbacks. Therefore, the relative advantages of TMH-V, such as its ability to increase access to care, may outweigh its disadvantages, including technological problems, increased hassle, and perceptions of impersonality. Providers' attitudes may also be related to their degree of prior TMH-V experience, and acceptance may increase with use. Limitations and implications of findings for implementation efforts are discussed.

Using both group (nomothetic) and individual (idiographic) approaches to measuring clinical change may provide more information about the effectiveness of an intervention than either approach alone. The current study re-examined previously published data from two randomized clinical trials of omega-3 fatty acids and Individual-Family Psychoeducational Psychotherapy as treatment for mood disorders in youth, using modified Brinley plots, a method of illustrating individuals' treatment response in the context of group information. Although the original nomothetic approach provided information about the average effect of treatment, modified Brinley plots gave more information about individual children's outcomes. Practicing clinicians in particular could use modified Brinley plots to track treatment trajectories and outcomes for specific clients and subsequently use these data to inform treatment planning.

This review synthesizes findings from studies reporting on patient and provider attitudes toward telemental health care conducted via both video and phone. It is informed by the Technology Acceptance Model, in that it reports on patient and provider ratings of the effectiveness of video and phone care, ease of use, overall satisfaction with the modalities, and future modality preference.