A 5-year-old intact female Holland lop rabbit was presented with acute hyporexia, lethargy, and marked abdominal pain. Blood biochemistry analysis indicated elevations in ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin. A point-of-care ultrasound revealed displacement of the spleen into the left cranial abdomen, suggestive of gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV). Exploratory laparotomy confirmed a 180° clockwise GDV. Gastric derotation and incisional gastropexy were successfully completed. The rabbit recovered uneventfully; biochemical values had normalized by Day 5. This is the third documented case of GDV in a rabbit in the peer-reviewed literature and the first involving a Holland lop. Key clinical message: Gastric dilatation and volvulus, though rare in rabbits, should be considered in cases presenting with acute hyporexia, abdominal pain, elevated ALT, variably elevated ALP, and variable hyperbilirubinemia. Ultrasonographic evidence of splenic displacement into the cranial left abdomen strongly supports a tentative diagnosis and indicates the need for immediate surgical exploration or abdominal computed tomography, if available.

A 6-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented because of a 4-week history of upper respiratory noise and suspected upper respiratory tract infection that were unresponsive to antibiotics. On physical examination, the cat had multiple cranial nerve deficits involving cranial nerves III, V, VII, and potentially VIII. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head under general anesthesia was conducted. During the MRI, before intravenous contrast administration, the mandibular and parotid salivary glands became acutely symmetrically enlarged. Subsequent cytology of the salivary gland showed no cytological abnormalities. A condition called "anesthesia mumps" has been reported in humans, in which the salivary glands become acutely enlarged during or following general anesthesia. This is a transient swelling, and the underlying cause is unknown; however, several mechanisms have been proposed in the human literature, including physical obstruction of the salivary duct due to patient positioning, administration of anticholinergic drugs, dehydration, and other causes of salivary stasis. A suspected case of anesthesia mumps was reported in a dog following an elective neutering. This is the first reported case of anesthesia mumps in a cat. More importantly, it is the only case in which the acuteness of the swelling was captured with MRI. Key clinical message: A case of acute transient salivary gland swelling secondary to general anesthesia is described. Anesthesiologists and other veterinary professionals should be aware of this rare and benign but potentially alarming anesthesia complication.

A 5-year-old castrated male English bulldog was presented for evaluation of acute vomiting and anorexia. Abdominal ultrasound revealed obstructive small intestinal foreign material with a small amount of abdominal free fluid, consistent with hemoperitoneum. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a segmental jejunal volvulus with foreign material extending from the portion of the intestines immediately orad to the volvulus into the affected intestinal loop. The dog fully recovered following resection and anastomosis of the affected small intestine. Key clinical message: This article documents the first reported case of jejunal volvulus suspected to be secondary to small intestinal foreign material. The dog was discharged 2 d postoperatively with no complications. Although reported outcomes for complete mesenteric volvulus are poor, segmental volvulus may have a better prognosis and should be considered as a differential diagnosis when small intestinal foreign material is causing obstructive ileus. The presence of hemoperitoneum may be an additional indicator that the ileus is associated with intestinal volvulus.

This report describes the successful video-assisted removals of urinary bladder bullet foreign bodies in 2 cats. In both cases, the cat was presented because of chronic dysuria and hematuria. Diagnostic imaging, including radiography and ultrasonography, identified a foreign body in the bladder, confirmed as a lead pellet. Video-assisted percutaneous endoscopy was used for foreign body removal and bladder inspection. Both cats recovered uneventfully after surgery, with no postoperative complications. This report highlights the advantages of percutaneous and video-laparoscopic-assisted endoscopy in managing urinary bladder foreign bodies in small animals, providing reduced trauma and quick recovery. Key clinical message: Endoscope-assisted foreign body removal from the bladder seems to be a safe and efficient way to retrieve small foreign bodies in cats.

A 6-year-old spayed female poodle dog weighing 5 kg was presented with a fractured right upper canine tooth (#104). Dental examination using an intraoral camera and radiography confirmed a tooth fracture with an exposed pulp, resulting in the loss of ~2/3 of the crown. Tooth #104 was diagnosed with a complicated crown fracture. Consequently, root canal therapy was undertaken, involving root canal preparation with hand files and subsequent canal filling with appropriate filling materials. After the root canal therapy was completed, part of the filling material was removed to facilitate post placement. A post was then inserted and secured with resin cement. A composite resin core was built around the post, and a ferrule was created on the remaining crown using a diamond bur. After an impression was obtained, a custom metal crown was fabricated and cemented onto the prepared tooth. No complications were observed during the 22-month follow-up period. This case suggests that prosthetic reconstruction using post-and-core techniques may be an effective and viable treatment option for fractured canine teeth in small-breed dogs. Key clinical message: Prosthetic reconstruction using the post-and-core technique can be a successful treatment option for fractured canine teeth in small-breed dogs. In this case, the combination of root canal therapy, post placement, and crown restoration achieved function with long-term success, as evidenced by the 22-month follow-up results.

Repairing large abdominal wall defects in veterinary medicine is challenging. Polypropylene mesh is the synthetic mesh most used for reconstructions. However, adhesion formation has been reported with its use. We report the reconstruction of large abdominal wall defects using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)-based meshes in 2 dogs. A 5-year-old intact male Bernese mountain dog weighing 35.5 kg and a 10-year-old castrated male miniature dachshund weighing 7.16 kg were referred to our hospital. The former was treated for a large abdominal wall tumor; and the latter, for the recurrence of a left inguinal hernia. Dogs 1 and 2 underwent repair of the abdominal wall defects caused by the tumor resection and recurrent inguinal hernia repair using an ePTFE-polypropylene composite and ePTFE meshes, respectively. No complications of abdominal wall hernia recurrence or ePTFE infection occurred; however, Dog 1 had local progression of the tumor on Day 50 after surgery and died on Day 218 after surgery. Dog 2 had no recurrence or complications, according to a telephone interview with the owner on Day 665 after surgery. Therefore, the ePTFE-based mesh may be suitable for use in similar cases with favorable outcomes. Key clinical message: The ePTFE-based meshes may be applied to treat abdominal wall defects in dogs. However, it is essential to understand the advantages and disadvantages of these materials.

A 2-year-old castrated male Pembroke Welsh corgi dog was presented to the referring veterinarian because of acute onset of vomiting and hyporexia. Despite conservative treatment with intravenous fluids, antiemetics, antibiotics, and antioxidants, the dog rapidly deteriorated, with development of severe pigmenturia and icterus over 24 to 48 h, respectively, prompting referral. A thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) characterized by nonimmune-mediated hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury (AKI), suspected to be from hemolytic uremic syndrome not associated with known prodromal diarrhea, was diagnosed. This is a rarely described disorder in dogs and, unlike those in most previous reports, this dog survived with supportive care for AKI and a short tapering course of glucocorticoids for refractory thrombocytopenia. Steroids have been reported for managing certain TMA syndromes in humans but not in animals. The dog in this case made a full recovery, with no reported relapse over 1 y. Key clinical message: Thrombotic microangiopathy is characterized by nonimmune-mediated hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and AKI. Corticosteroids may be beneficial for treating canine TMA, based on successful recovery in this rare case of non-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Ingestion of pharmaceuticals is a common cause of poisoning and hospitalization in companion animals. Pets may be exposed through accidental over-administration of a prescribed veterinary drug, intentional administration of a human drug that owners do not realize is unsuitable for animals, or access to unattended medications.

Neonatal beef calves can succumb to several common diseases, including diarrhea and pneumonia, but death associated with hepatic disease is uncommon in this age group. Since 2022, a syndrome characterized by massive hepatic necrosis has been observed in western Canadian neonatal beef calves. This case series describes the clinical presentation, pathology, and ancillary testing done in 22 cases, highlighting the young age (1 to 5 d), varied symptoms observed, and unique liver pathology. Based on the pathology, a toxic cause was suspected, and toxic copper concentrations in kidney tissues were detected in 9/22 cases. Further investigation is required to understand this potentially emerging disease and prevent further occurrences. Key clinical message: Practitioners and pathologists should be aware of a new syndrome of hepatic necrosis in neonatal beef calves when evaluating neonatal calf mortality on western Canadian beef cattle operations. Further study is needed to understand the epidemiology of this condition.

The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the associations of age, sex, and breed with platelet count and function in domestic cats.

An 8-year-old spayed female Chihuahua dog was diagnosed with a suspected primary mast cell tumor (MCT) of the left popliteal lymph node (LN). Physical examination, computed tomography, and focused hind-limb ultrasound failed to identify a primary integumentary MCT. Asymmetry of the ipsilateral medial iliac LN was identified on abdominal ultrasound. Surgical excision of the left popliteal and left medial iliac LN was completed without complication. Histologic assessment confirmed overt MCT effacement of both LN. Postoperatively, the dog received adjuvant chemotherapy (vinblastine and prednisone). The dog was alive 562 d after surgery, without evidence of disease recurrence. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report in the veterinary literature documenting a suspected canine primary LN MCT. Key clinical message: Albeit rare, primary LN MCT should be a differential diagnosis for lymphadenopathy in the absence of a primary integumentary tumor.

A 15-year-old castrated male beagle-cross dog was presented with neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal signs 7 h after accidental ingestion of a toxic dose (33 mg/kg) of the amphetamine lisdexamfetamine dimesylate. Clinical and clinicopathological abnormalities noted included dysphoria, mydriasis, hyperesthesia, muscle tremors, tachycardia, tachypnea, hyperthermia, hematochezia, mild hypoglycemia, hemoconcentration, and metabolic acidosis. Initial treatment with intravenous (IV) acepromazine, butorphanol, methocarbamol, and rectal cyproheptadine, along with IV fluids with 5% dextrose added, was inadequate to control clinical signs. The dog was stabilized effectively following administration of IV constant-rate infusions (CRIs) of dexmedetomidine (1 to 3 μg/kg per hour) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg per hour). The dog was maintained on this CRI protocol for 20 h and weaned off without redeveloping neuromuscular and cardiovascular signs. Serum biochemical analysis and urinalysis at that time revealed marked elevation of creatine kinase (100-fold), mild to moderate elevation of liver enzymes (ALP: 2.4-fold, ALT: 9.5-fold, GLDH: 4-fold), and the presence of myoglobinuria, indicative of rhabdomyolysis and possible concurrent hepatic injury. The animal recovered with supportive care and was discharged 44 h after presentation. One week after discharge, the dog was clinically normal and serum biochemical analysis and urinalysis confirmed resolution of rhabdomyolysis. No evidence of kidney failure secondary to the rhabdomyolysis was noted. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of survival following lisdexamfetamine intoxication in a dog. Clinical signs resolved completely with supportive and symptomatic therapies mainly consisting of IV fluid therapy and sedative administration. There were no long-term complications reported. Key clinical message: Aggressive medical therapies, including IV CRIs of dexmedetomidine and butorphanol, in addition to IV fluids, were effective for managing a dog with severe lisdexamfetamine intoxication. The dog recovered uneventfully following 44 h of hospitalization, with no evidence of long-term complications secondary to the rhabdomyolysis associated with the toxicosis.

The objective was to measure tear production using Schirmer tear test-1 (STT-1) in dogs with atopic dermatitis, to evaluate for abnormal tear production.

Canine oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma with low metastatic potential. This report describes a 6-month-old intact male Labrador retriever dog with a 2.2 × 2.1-centimeter intraoral mass located in the gingiva between the 1st and 2nd right mandibular premolars. Computed tomography revealed an exophytic mass infiltrating the mandible and right mandibular gingiva without evidence of regional lymph node enlargement or distant metastasis. Histopathological evaluation confirmed canine oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma with metastasis to the right mandibular lymph node (surgically removed) and carboplatin was administered postoperatively. At 1404 d post-surgery, no local recurrence or distant metastasis were observed. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of canine oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma metastasizing to the lymph nodes. The dog was treated with chemotherapy after surgery and had a good long-term prognosis. Key clinical message: Canine oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma has not been reported to metastasize and is usually treated locally with surgery or radiation therapy. However, as in the case reported herein, metastasis to the lymph nodes may occur. In such cases, accurate evaluation of metastasis, including lymph node excision biopsy, and chemotherapy may need to be considered.