The long-term preservation of plant germplasm is critical to ensure a pool of genetic diversity for future breeding efforts and for conservation management.Although it is important to assess whether the biochemical properties and vigour of the germplasm remain unchanged.

Progesterone, which is present in the semen extender as a component of egg yolk is a potential inducer of capacitation in spermatozoa during cryopreservation. An anti-progesterone component in the extender may protect the spermatozoa from being capacitated and pre-acrosome reacted during cryopreservation. It may lead to better quality of post-thaw sperm population for improved conception.

Seed storage globulins have two subunits linked by disulfide bonds. Earlier studies suggested that globulin hydrolysis may enhance the freezing tolerance of hydrated seeds. As a donor for HS, NaHS can act as a nucleophile to break the disulfide bond of proteins and convert sulfhydryl group (-SH) of cysteine to the persulfide group (-SSH), which will promote formation of S-persulfidation and de-polymerization of seed globulins.

Brazil is a megadiverse country with continental dimensions. It is long acknowledged as the richest country in plant diversity, encompassing approximately 20% of the world's flora, with more than 50,000 species of plants, algae and fungi distributed in six major biomes, including two biodiversity hotspots. However, significant environmental challenges, primarily driven by climate changes and intensive, non-sustainable land use practices, have led to widespread deforestation, habitat reduction and, consequently, shifts in species distribution, genetic erosion and increased vulnerability. Considering the high rates of endemism and the global economic value of numerous Brazilian native species as crops and wild relatives, ornamentals and medicinal plants, cryopreservation emerges as a fundamental ex situ complementary strategy to safeguard its plant genetic resources. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cryopreservation of native plants in Brazil during the past decade, which shows that more than 85 species from 23 families have been cryopreserved. Methods for assessing cryoinjury at the morphophysiological, biochemical, molecular and metabolic levels are reviewed. The main challenges, as well as future perspectives for the cryopreservation of Brazilian floristic diversity, are also discussed. Doi.org/10.54680/fr25310110112.

Allium ramosum is an important member of the genus Allium, which is commonly known as Chinese chive or fragrant-flowered garlic. Conserving the genetic diversity of different species of Allium is crucial, and cryopreservation has emerged as an important strategy for long-term conservation of alliums.

Human semen and epididymal spermatozoa cryopreservation are crucial for men's fertility preservation, particularly for those patients facing neoplastic, autoimmune, urological, and neurological conditions where medical or surgical treatments may pose a risk to fertility or where obstructive or secretory azoospermia is documented. However, there are currently no standardized methods to assure optimal cryosurvival rates.

Adipose tissue grafting is one of the reconstruction methods for damaged tissue repair.

The field of sperm cryopreservation requires the search for and development of new effective cryopreservatives with low toxicity.

Cryopreservation has transformed fertility preservation by enabling the long-term storage of gametes and embryos. Although traditional procedures such as slow freezing and vitrification are routinely used, recent innovations and new cryoprotectants have had a significant impact on reproductive medicine outcomes.

One of the most essential ingredients of artificial insemination (AI) programs is semen processing which needs extender with additives to protect spermatozoa against cold stress during cryopreservation. The selection of cryoprotectant and composition of extenders are of great importance for sperm survival during and after cryopreservation. The addition of small quantities of iodixanol in the freezing extender can protect spermatozoa by altering the glass transition temperature of the mixture and changing the structure of the growing ice crystals.

Cryopreservation of sperm cells is a well-established technique. However, cryopreserved sperm cells can have significant cellular damage, primarily due to oxidative stress.

The inbred C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse strains are widely recognized and used as foundational models for mutagenesis studies globally. Analyzing molecular damage at cellular and genetic levels from freeze-thaw processes in different mouse strains is crucial for understanding how to preserve sperm function and reproductive efficiency.

Lipids play a vital role in sperm capacity acquisition, and yet the effect of cryopreservation on lipid profile has received little attention so far.

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a substantial obstacle to female fertility due to ovulation inhibition. Oocyte cryopreservation is crucial for preserving fertility in women with fertility-compromising disorders such as PCOS.

Cryopreservation of goat sperm is important for goat breeding and population expansion. However, goat spermatozoa are generally less resistant to freezing and the fertilization rate of spermatozoa is lower than that of fresh semen.

The impacts of suboptimal shipping conditions during transport on cell viability, recovery, and function of cryopreserved samples, have not been well studied.

Sperm cryopreservation is a process that involves preserving sperm cells for future use. Prior to freezing, sperm preparation methods like density gradient centrifugation (DGC) are typically performed to improve sperm quality.

Airflow drying of mammalian cells has not been successful yet, with one obstacle being the improper drying time of cells-laden trehalose droplets.

Antioxidant is important to prevent ROS attack in boar sperm during the freezing-thawing process.

Cryopreservation is a fundamental technique for preserving the structural and functional integrity of biological material, particularly for the conservation of genetic resources in avian species. Since its development in the 1940s, this technology has advanced significantly, although challenges persist, primarily due to the unique morphology of avian sperm, which complicates cryoprotectant penetration and increases the risk of structural damage. Overcoming these challenges is crucial for improving semen preservation, supporting the sustainability of avian species, and contributing to conservation efforts. In domestic production birds, cryopreservation is essential for maintaining genetic diversity. However, these species often exhibit low tolerance to the freezing process, primarily due to the high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their sperm membranes, making them susceptible to oxidative damage. This has driven research aimed at developing more effective cryoprotectants and techniques to enhance semen quality post-thaw. Wild birds, particularly endangered species, face additional challenges in cryopreservation. These species are often managed in captivity to prevent extinction, with artificial insemination serving as a valuable tool. However, artificial insemination is constrained by low post-thaw motility rates, even when advanced cryoprotectants are employed. Research indicates that certain cryopreservation media can improve sperm motility and fertility rates, although further optimization of these methods is required. The future of avian semen cryopreservation will concentrate on customizing extenders and cryoprotectants, optimizing freezing techniques, and improving post-thaw semen quality. These advancements are essential for enhancing commercial poultry production and for the conservation of endangered species. Research in this area is expected to evolve over the next decade, developing effective solutions to address both commercial and conservation needs. https://doi.org/10.54680/fr25210110312.

SODs are key enzymes that degrade the superoxide radical, representing a primary defense in the antioxidant system against the toxicity caused by overproduction of ROS under environmental stresses. However, there is scarce data about SOD functions in insects under low temperature.