After interpersonal wrongdoing, a victim may express forgiveness with or without having truly experienced a transformation to more positive sentiments toward the offender. As those forgiving sentiments are internal states, offenders do not know, and would need to make inferences, whether the forgiveness is genuine or pseudo-forgiveness. Two studies, an experiment using vignettes ( = 308) and a correlational study using a recalled wrongdoing ( = 179), provided evidence that, to the extent that the forgiveness was preceded by a reflective dialogue with the victim (i.e., co-reflection), offenders perceived the victim to believe in a shared value consensus and, mediated by it, appraised the forgiveness as more genuine. These findings highlight the dyadic nature of the moral repair process: the victim's forgiveness gains meaning through the offender's appraisal. If a victim wishes to communicate genuine forgiveness, then engaging with the offender in co-reflection may facilitate such meaning.

Despite the proven effectiveness of COVID-19 preventive measures (social distancing, frequent hand washing, vaccination, etc.), these remain inoperative if individuals do not adopt them. In this research, we sought to investigate the effectiveness of a novel type of intervention to foster compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures. Drawing upon the model of action phases and recent evidence linking social motives to compliance with recommendations from health authorities, we extended implementation intentions to the realm of social goals (Social Goals Implementation Intentions, or SGII). In a first study in France ( = 161), we show that a brief writing task requiring participants to implement a future hypothetical encounter with a close one at risk for severe symptoms of COVID-19 increased compliance intentions by 6.38% 95%[1.56, 11.24], = .42, relative to a deliberation-only control condition. No moderating role of conspiracy beliefs and mentality was found in exploratory analyses. These results were exactly replicated in a pre-registered study conducted among US participants ( = 223), where the increase caused by SGII was 7.18% 95%[2.10, 12.27], = .40. Vaccine intentions were not affected in both countries. Taken together, our results suggest that SGII is a viable theoretical mechanism to design and implement health behavior change interventions. Generating a sense of 'skin in the game' may be more effective to bypass irrational beliefs and foster greater adherence to evidence-based health recommendations.

Cyber-ostracism is an experience that, similar to the ostracism occurring within in-person relational contexts, gives rise to negative psychological consequences, leading to negative emotional reactions, and threatening the basic needs of each individual-belonging, self-esteem, meaningful existence, and control. The present study aimed to explore the possible moderating role of self-monitoring on the impact of cyber-ostracism on people's emotions and need satisfaction. We employed the Ostracism Online paradigm, a research tool resembling a social media platform, that allows researchers to manipulate the number of likes that participants receive as a cue of cyber-ostracism. A total of 212 participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions (Ostracism Online: cyber-ostracism vs. cyber-inclusion). After completing measures related to their social media usage and the self-monitoring scale, participants were exposed to the Ostracism Online paradigm and then were asked to complete measures related to their emotional reactions and need satisfaction. Results highlighted a different moderating role of self-monitoring on emotions and need satisfaction. Specifically, in the cyber-ostracism condition, participants with higher levels of self-monitoring reported higher levels of negative emotions compared to participants with lower levels of self-monitoring. Differently, we only found an effect of self-monitoring on the control dimension of need satisfaction. In particular, included participants with higher levels of self-monitoring reported higher levels of perceived control compared to included participants with lower levels of self-monitoring. Our findings contribute to expanding our understanding of self-monitoring and its role in moderating the effects of cyber-ostracism that may occur within social media.

This systematic review offers a comprehensive overview of conformity research conducted since 2004. Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, the review identified 48 relevant articles from a substantial pool (literature review conducted between January and April 2023), systematically extracting valuable insights into key findings, methodologies, and future research directions. While recent studies confirm the prevalence of conformity across diverse contexts, echoing Asch's seminal findings (1951), the review emphasizes the need for a unified understanding of influencing factors, including age, gender, and culture, with contextual variables playing a central role. Advances in digital technology have expanded research possibilities, enabling investigations across diverse digital contexts. Researchers employ innovative methods such as computer-mediated communication (Cinnirella & Green 2007) and virtual reality (Kyrlitsias et al. 2020) to explore conformity within digital spaces that closely mirror real online interactions. Given the evolving landscape of conformity research, this review advocates for further interdisciplinary and intercultural investigations, comprehensive meta-analyses, and replications to deepen our understanding of this multifaceted phenomenon.

Affective polarization - an expressed aversion and dislike of members of one's political outgroup - has increased in many polities in recent years, and thus published research on the topic has proliferated. Studies have asserted that affective polarization is tied to prejudice and authoritarianism, among other potentially harmful phenomena, and is buffered by intellectual humility. We assert that this literature is hindered by the use of , heterogeneous measures of affective polarization which have not been properly psychometrically evaluated, and which limit research clarity and make cumulative science on the topic difficult. Informed by the common extant measures of affective polarization we constructed a new scale and investigated its reliability and construct validity. In Study 1 we generated items and had them rated by subject matter experts for content validity ( = 6). In Study 2, a sample of US participants completed the scale ( = 326), an EFA suggested a three-factor model, which had good reliability. In Study 3, a CFA ( = 331) confirmed that a three-factor model fit the data, with subscales labelled Social Distance, Aversion, and Incivility. We also showed that our Affective Polarization Scale had good reliability, through the results of the α- and ω-indicators of reliability. Construct validity analyses supported all pre-registered hypotheses, showing that scores on our scale were positively correlated with authoritarianism, need for closure, and identity strength, and negatively correlated with intellectual humility. We make suggestions for future research and scale usage, such as investigating measurement invariance in different populations, or with different outgroup targets.

A large number of studies found that relative deprivation leads to destructive behaviors. However, the effects of relative deprivation on behaviors typically deemed constructive, such as self-improvement, remain uncertain. In four studies, the current research provides robust evidence for the negative effect of relative deprivation (X) on self-improvement (Y) and the mediating role of perceived upward economic mobility (M). Specifically, Study 1 ( = 220) preliminarily provided correlational evidence for the above mediation model with well-established measurements. Study 2a ( = 260) and Study 2b ( = 130) applied double randomization designs to manipulate relative deprivation and perceived upward economic mobility separately and showed that direct causal links of each path (X → M, X → Y, and M → Y) existed. Study 3 ( = 780) applied blockage manipulation and showed that intervening in perceived upward economic mobility is a potential cure for relative deprivation. The theoretical and practical implications of the results in the current study as well as future research directions are discussed.

The past decade has emphasised the importance of transparency for robust psychological research. However, transparent research has a cost, and it is hardly compatible with both conceptual novelty and statistical consistency across multiple studies. We propose that these three criteria can be conceptualized as a trilemma: fulfilling two of them considerably reduces the probability of satisfying the third one. An article testing a novel idea and transparently reporting evidence is likely to include empirical failure that impede consistency. An article transparently reporting consistent findings probably will acknowledge a replication effort that does not seek theoretical advances. Finally, an article presenting consistent evidence through multiple studies for a novel idea is not likely to be transparent. At a practical level, we argue that the pressure of the trilemma poses a threat for transparency, which is less tangible and historically important in the evaluation of research articles than the two other criteria. While the open science movement grows in importance, the pressure of the trilemma may encourage an opportunistic use of open science practices as a form of virtue signalling compensating for low transparency. Stakeholders, from editors to reviewers, should be aware of the constraints posed by transparency to continue improving the robustness of psychological science and avoiding a deleterious use of open science practices. We review potential solutions to break the pressure of the trilemma.

This paper advances the integration of Social Network Analysis (SNA) and topic detection into the study of Social Representations (SRs). We suggest that a combination of the two analyses helps to detect communities characterised by shared contents and/or social interactions, the two facets that make representations 'social'. Building on Moliner's (2023) proposal we present a step-by-step approach to combine the identification of shared meanings based on lexicometric analysis and identification of social interaction based on social network analysis techniques. To illustrate our proposal, we use a dataset of 396 Brazilian tweets about the Covid-19 pandemic that was collected to investigate the SR of science during the pandemic. The Reinert method was run on the corpus using the Iramuteq R interface and a bipartite network analysis was performed using Gephi software. We thus operationalised 615 users and six topics as nodes, while shared topics and interactions (883 mentions) as arcs. This allowed us to examine both the content of social representations and interactions among different individuals and communities. In our case, the results highlight shared content as the main determinant for community formation; however, some users appear to have linked different communities together: they are associated to a community not because of the topic they share, but because of their interactions with other users. We contend this methodology proves to be a fruitful theoretical-methodological link between SNA and SR theory, as it detects both facets of the relationship between SRs and groups: the shared contents and the communicative interactions between individuals.

Twice in the history of social psychology has there been a crisis of confidence. The first started in the 1960s and lasted until the end of the 1970s, and the second crisis dominated the 2010s. Drawing on extensive quotes from articles published during both crises, I examine the similarities and differences between these psychological crises. In this first of two articles, I focus on how researchers discussed fundamental concerns about the replicability of findings across the two crises. I reflect on five possible reasons why concerns about failed replications received more attention during the second crisis, the continuing lack of incentives to perform replication studies, and the importance of large-scale research projects to instigate change.

Feygina and colleagues (2010, Study 3) reported that people who prefer the status quo can be encouraged towards pro-environmental responses when environmental protection is framed as protecting the current way of life. We report a preregistered close replication and extension of this work ( = 567). When all participants are made to feel dependent on the country they live in, we did not find evidence that the association between system justification and environmental intentions depended on whether participants read a system-preservation or control message, but the likelihood of signing petitions did. Among participants assigned to a second control condition, who were not exposed to any message, there was a negative association between system justification and pro-environmental behaviour intentions, raising the possibility that both original study conditions attenuated this association. Our findings highlight both the importance of replication and the inclusion of a true control condition, and they raise the possibility that leveraging an audience's existing values may not always mobilise pro-environmental actions. In the case of ideological opposition to the status quo, a system dependence message could depress otherwise high pro-environmental responses.

In moral psychology, several approaches to moral judgments coexist, with sometimes contradictory results for different types of judgments. In the current research, we combine two views of moral judgment into a novel three-input processing model. As a first empirical test of this model, the present research investigates the influence of these three classic inputs (i.e., intent, outcome, and causality) on wrongness and blame judgments as well as their underlying dynamics. This preregistered experiment ( = 145) re-uses an adapted mouse-tracking paradigm to analyze these influences over time. Results on final judgments replicate the effects of intent, outcome, and causality, as well as partial evidence for their interaction effects. Mouse trajectory analysis further refines these interaction effects, including evidence for differential dynamics for blame versus wrongness judgments. However, this study does not reveal clear differential weight for intent and outcome inputs in blame versus wrongness judgments. Discussion focuses on the evidence supporting but also contradicting the proposed three-input processing model and insists on the importance of distinguishing between final judgments and underlying dynamics.

Building on the social identity theory, this conceptual article proposes a process model to understand the linkage between workplace humor and the social identity change experiences of employees. Further, it identifies the underlying mechanisms and conditions which impact the positive and negative identity changes during this process. Based on the proposed model, it is suggested that exposure to negative workplace humor is likely to lead to employee surface acting particularly when the need for social affiliation is high among individuals. On the one hand, identity synergy would facilitate positive emotions and psychological safety and is likely to support improved voice behavior in employees. On the other hand, perceptions of identity conflict would trigger negative emotions and lead to emotional exhaustion and expressed rudeness at the workplace; such individuals would engage in deviant workplace behaviors because of persistent negative experiences. Overall, the proposed conceptual model proposes a thorough relational process model unveiling socio-psychological outcomes of negative workplace humor and needs to be tested in multiple contexts to unveil the role of novel conditional factors impacting internalized change experiences of employees.

In languages such as German, French, or Hindi, plural forms of job occupations and societal roles are often in a generic-masculine form instead of a gender-inclusive form. Although meant as 'generic,' this generic-masculine form excludes women from everyday language. Specifically, listeners and readers are less likely to think of women when this form is used. Due to the societal relevance of gender-inclusive language, we directly replicated and extended a classic study by Stahlberg, Sczesny, and Braun (2001, Experiment 2) in a multi-lab setting and as a registered confirmatory report. We prompted participants from German-speaking countries to name up to three celebrities each in six categories (e.g., 'Name three politicians' or '(…) singers'). We then counted how often participants mentioned women. Participants were either prompted with the generic-masculine form, a neutralized control form or one out of three gender-inclusive forms. Our data from twelve labs and = 2,697 participants replicated the original effect: when prompted with gender-inclusive forms participants mentioned more women than when the generic masculine and the control form were used. Moreover, the effect remained present in multilevel models and when controlling for participants' sex and their perceived base rate in these celebrity categories (i.e., the expected proportion of women). Other variables, such as political orientation or preference for gender-inclusive language, did not show large effects, either. We discuss the differences between specific gender-inclusive forms (e.g., the internal-I vs. feminine-masculine forms), implications for regulations and guidelines, as well as implications for non-binary and gender-diverse people.

Pronin and Kugler (2010) proposed that people believe they have more free will than others. In their Experiment 1 they showed that US students evaluated their own decisions and life events as less predictable than similar decisions and life events of close others, presumably suggesting higher free will attributions. We conducted three pre-registered replications of this study, one with a Hong Kong undergraduate sample ( = 47) and two online samples from the USA (MTurk using CloudResearch: = 126, Prolific: = 858) (overall = 1031). In Studies 1a and 1b that mirrored the target article's mixed design (self-other between, past-future within), we found support for the original findings with weaker effects. In Study 2 we contrasted between-subject versus within-subject designs in a single data collection. We successfully replicated the effects with the between-subject design, whereas we failed to find support for the effect using the within-subjects design. This suggests support for the phenomenon in single evaluation mode assessing either the self or the other, but that people correct for the self-other asymmetry in perceived predictability when the judgment is made in joint evaluations mode. Materials, data, and code are available on: https://osf.io/ykmqp/. Open peer review: https://osf.io/d47kj.

Weight stigma significantly affects the quality of life for individuals with obesity in Western societies. While previous research has used moral foundations theory to predict attitudes toward stigmatized groups, such as the poor, immigrants, and sexual minorities, its application to weight-related stigma remains underexplored. This research explores the relationship between moral foundations, the moralization of obesity, and weight stigma in an underrepresented European context. In a pre-registered correlational study (Study 1), we found that binding and individualizing foundations differentially predicted the moralization of obesity and weight stigma. A follow-up pre-registered experiment (Study 2) suggested that highlighting the societal benefits of purity, a binding moral foundation, over care, an individualizing moral foundation, may increase the moralization of obesity and heighten weight stigma. These findings contribute to deepening understanding of the moral roots of weight stigma and underscore the importance of considering moral values in efforts to mitigate it.

In the mindfulness field, reviews of its clinical effects prevail, along with critical articles on its applications serving neoliberalism. Conversely, less is known of the psychosocial perspective on mindfulness. To address this question, knowledge needs to be gathered on the applied fields and research topics, theoretical frameworks, study designs and methodologies mobilized, main results and levels of explanation in social psychology. We conducted an integrative review of the literature in February 2022, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses methodology using PsychInfo/PsychArticles. One hundred and nine papers met the inclusion criteria. Applied fields encompass well-being, daily social relationships, health and organizations. Only 21 references were embedded in theories. Forty-two percent of the theories were identified as social psychology theories. Most studies were correlational (46%) or experimental (47%) with quantitative methods. The effects of mindfulness are primarily beneficial, with a strong focus on emotion regulation and stress management at both intra- and inter-individual levels, while less attention is given to group or ideological contexts. We argue that research on mindfulness is predominantly conducted using Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic samples, often without considering participants' socio-economic backgrounds. Additionally, the prevailing psychosocial perspective on mindfulness tends to adopt a positivist epistemology, largely situated within micro-level contexts, while overlooking the broader macro-social dimensions of human experience.

Do cynical individuals still engage in prosocial behaviors when they expect the worst from others? While prior research suggests cynical beliefs reduce empathy and trust-key drivers of prosociality-this pathway remains underexplored. We tested four structural equation models (manifest and latent) using data from 239 Romanian adults. Only the manifest model supported an indirect effect via empathic concern; latent models accounting for measurement error did not. This discrepancy highlights how item-level variance may inflate observed relationships. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed considering the social axioms model and empathy-trust mechanisms in prosocial behavior.

Social representations (SRs) emerge from interactions among members of a group. These interactions enable individuals to share beliefs, build consensus, and maintain shared understandings. While interpersonal communication may initially be driven by the unfamiliarity of SR objects, it can also be motivated by the need for group members to cognitively process these objects when they are perceived as threatening or problematic. Thus, emotions elicited by an object in the social environment may prompt interpersonal communication. Two studies were conducted to test this hypothesis using online questionnaires. The first study ( = 294) revealed a correlation between the emotional tone of individuals' content regarding the SR of AIDS and the number of people with whom they discussed the topic. The second study, focusing on the SR of war ( = 246), confirmed these results. It also showed that social sharing related to "war" as an SR object is mediated by epistemic motivation. These findings are interpreted from a dual perspective: SR theory and the social sharing of emotions paradigm. They suggest that when a SR object evokes emotions, those emotions, in turn, drive the motivation to engage in social sharing.

Economic inequality negatively impacts the welfare in our societies, yet there is reluctance to support measures aimed at alleviating its effects. To enhance our comprehension of how inequality influences support for redistribution, this paper investigates the mediating role of descriptive meritocracy (i.e., the degree to which meritocracy is perceived to exist in society). Using a cross-sectional study (N = 1536) and a follow-up experimental-causal-chain design in two subsequent experiments (N = 530), we show that the perception of inequality leads to the perception that society is not meritocratic, which, in turn, promotes support for redistribution. These results underscore the significance of perceiving economic inequality in order to dismantle the normative meritocratic narratives that hinder its reduction. We discuss these findings as part of the effects of economic inequality on the normative climate that influences our individual outcomes.

We investigated reactions to the emergence of supplanting subgroups among members of dominant subgroups of a social movement. Supplanting subgroups are ideologically and strategically distinct from dominant subgroups and attract social recognition from the general public; thus, they could be perceived as competitors for the status of the movement's prototypical subgroup. Across three experimental studies, we investigated reactions to supplanting subgroups in comparison to allied subgroups within the movement and ideologically opposing groups to the movement. Supplanting subgroups triggered less negative reactions than ideologically opposing groups but more than allied subgroups. Moreover, they triggered similar levels of symbolic and realistic threat and as much (Study 3) or more (Study 2) competition over prototypicality than ideologically opposing groups. Symbolic threat and competition over prototypicality mediated some of the effects of the type of group on intergroup relations. These findings suggest that, along with symbolic threat, competition over prototypicality can play an important role in shaping conflicts within social movements.

Despite their apparent benevolence, positive stereotypes have negative effects on person and group perception. However, little is known about how exposure can intensify these negative consequences. In two pre-registered experiments (total N = 240) we investigated the effect of exposure on believability and moral condemnation of positive stereotypes. In Experiment 1, participants rated the truth value of positive stereotypes, which were either previously encountered or not during an exposure phase. Repeated positive stereotypes were perceived as more true than unrepeated ones, indicating a truth effect. In Experiment 2, we replicated the truth effect and further found that exposure to stereotypes reduced their moral condemnation, indicating a moral-repetition effect. Extending the truth effect and moral-repetition effect research to positive stereotypes, our findings emphasize the need to raise awareness of the impact of exposure on reinforcing the believability and moral condemnation of stereotypical beliefs.

Sharing economy platforms, such as Airbnb, encourage sellers to display profile photos and other personal information to increase consumer trust and engagement. However, research has shown that consumers rely on this information to discriminate against sellers with certain characteristics (e.g., ethnic minorities). Some sharing economy sellers may therefore choose not to display a profile photo because they wish to conceal their appearance or social identity to prevent discrimination or other unfavorable treatment by consumers or because of general privacy concerns. In four preregistered studies with samples from the United States, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, we examined the consequences of withholding profile profiles. We tested how the presence (vs. absence) of personal photos affects consumer trust and preferences for different sellers. Three experimental studies (total = 380) suggest that consumers distrust and avoid hosts without a profile photo. In Study 4, we analyzed 461 ride-sharing listings and found that drivers with a profile photo charge higher prices for otherwise equivalent rides. In sum, our results suggest that sharing economy sellers face a tradeoff between anonymity and earning opportunities.

Political glass cliffs arise when candidates from low-status groups disproportionately run for less-winnable seats. The burden of these worse odds has been shown to negatively impact election outcomes, slowing progress toward fair political representation. Relying on research suggesting signaling motives for glass cliff appointments, we investigated the potential of these political party decisions to persuade voters in the context of evolving social norms. We hypothesized that party differences in the signaling context underlie variation in the magnitude, impact, and dynamic evolution of elective glass cliff conditions over time, leading to more rapid improvements in the representation of women and ethnic, racial, and immigrant (ERI) minorities in left-leaning versus right-leaning parties. We examined glass cliff candidacies in elections for the French National Assembly from 2002 to 2017. Relying on three measures of seat winnability, we adopted a multiple group structural equation approach to investigate whether variation in glass cliff conditions and their effect on outcomes differed by election year and party belonging. We found larger glass cliff disadvantages for right-leaning women and ERI candidates compared to left-leaning. While the magnitude of glass cliffs for women decreased over time as representation increased, this link for ERI candidates was less clear. Outcomes demonstrate that dynamic glass cliff conditions can be a major obstacle on the road to representational fairness in politics. We argue that because the impact of glass cliffs can depend on party-dependent variation in the signaling value of women and ERI minorities, it is essential to focus more on this issue for socially conservative political parties and for all political parties in elective contexts where low-status candidates remain largely underrepresented.

Opposition to multiculturalism is common among native majorities. Normatively, this group-based political theory and public policy has been described as being incompatible with the individual justice-based orientation of Western liberal societies. In this research, we account for national majority opposition to multiculturalism by arguing that national identities in classically liberal societies are primarily associated with individual justice beliefs, in opposition to group-based justice beliefs. A correlational ( = 91) and an experimental ( = 172) study in Switzerland first show that the relationship between national identification and opposition to multiculturalism is partially explained by a belief in individual responsibility, a key facet of individual justice. This result was replicated using representative Swiss data from the World Values Survey ( = 1241), as well as in Belgium ( = 362), another Western liberal society. Effects transcended an ethnic conception of national identity and provide a novel perspective on majority multicultural attitudes as rooted in group-based conceptions of social justice.

The moral credential effect is the phenomenon where an initial behavior that presumably establishes one as moral "licenses" the person to subsequently engage in morally questionable behaviors. In line with this effect, Monin and Miller (2001, Study 2) found that participants who initially had an opportunity to hire a job candidate from disadvantaged groups (vs. those without such an opportunity) subsequently indicated preferences that were more likely to be perceived as prejudiced. We conducted a direct replication of this study with US participants on a crowdsourcing platform ( after exclusion = 932). We found no support for a consistent moral credential effect: the effect was close to zero in a scenario where participants indicated their preferences to hire from different ethnicities ( = 0.02 to 0.08, depending on inclusion criteria), and was in the opposite direction in a scenario where they indicated preferences for different genders ( = -0.50 to -0.38). With two extensions to the original study design, we found no evidence that domain-inconsistent moral credentials are less effective in licensing than domain-consistent moral credentials and that moral credentials moderate the association between reputational concern and expressing potentially prejudiced preferences. All materials, data, and analysis scripts are shared at https://osf.io/phym3. This Registered Report has been endorsed by Peer Community In Registered Reports: https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.rr.100726.

Studies have shown that mood could be used as diagnostic information for the assessment of situational demands and that, as such, it can regulate resource mobilization. Accordingly, it was found that negative mood causes overestimation of situational demands, which then leads to effort exertion during performance on easy tasks but disengagement on difficult tasks. The present research investigated whether this mood-motivation relation could be extended to specific emotions to explain the effect of stereotype threat (ST). In order to answer this question, the participants in the standard (fear-based) ST and the no-ST conditions had to perform easy (Study 1) or difficult (Study 2) cognitive tasks. To further explore the hypothetical role of threat-related emotions in each study we introduced another condition in which participants under ST were induced to feel anger (i.e., an emotion theoretically characterized by the perception of low situational demands). Although both ST conditions consistently showed greater stereotype-related concerns compared with the control (no-ST) group, the expected increase in easy task performance (Study 1) and decrease in difficult task performance (Study 2) were observed only in the standard (fear-based) ST condition, but not when participants under ST experienced anger. Our findings suggest that specific emotions emerging under ST could govern motivational processes and account for the effect of ST. Accordingly, the way that individuals appraise ST may have an important impact on task performance.

Since 2015, Europe has experienced two important influxes of vulnerable migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. Despite heterogenous reactions within and across countries, acts of humanitarianism and solidarity have occurred in a diverse range of behaviors. Given the particularities of Intergroup Helping in favor of refugees, a more nuanced understanding of intentions to engage in helping behaviors would enrich theoretical and applied research. We developed and validated a scale of Intergroup Helping in favor of refugees, that covers the two dimensions of help, i.e., Intergroup Giving (alleviating the suffering of others) and Intergroup Acting (addressing injustices and inequalities). Following scale construction practices, we proceeded in three phases. First, we identified and defined our domains of interest, and proceeded to collect representative helping behaviors, using secondary data of semi-structured interviews on volunteers. These behaviors were pre-tested. Then, across two studies, we examined the scale's reliability, dimensionality, and validity qualities. Study 1 was distributed among a student sample at two time-points. Results yielded robust internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and predictive validity, and displayed preliminary evidence of the bidimensional structure. Study 2 was distributed among a non-student sample and supported the bidimensional structure of the scale. This research demonstrates that Intergroup Helping intentions in favor of refugees can be classified into Intergroup Giving and Intergroup Acting behaviors and offers a predictive tool to investigate these behaviors in an intergroup context.

During two crises in social psychology, the first from the 1960s to the end of the 1970s, and the second starting in 2010 and still ongoing, researchers discussed the strength of theories in the field, the societal relevance of research, the generalizability of effects, and problematic methodological and statistical practices. Continuing on the first part of this review, which focused on replicability, I compare similarities in the concerns raised across both crises. I consider which issues have prompted meaningful reforms and which have yet to result in significant progress. Finally, I reflect on the extent that the incentives contributed to these crises and argue that a more coordinated approach to scientific research is needed to prevent these concerns from resurfacing in a future third crisis.

Bastian et al. (2012) argued that the meat paradox-caring for animals yet eating them-creates a tension between people's moral standards (caring for animals) and their behavior (eating them) that can be resolved via mechanisms of motivated moral disengagement. One disengagement mechanism that is thought to play a central role is the denial of food-animal minds and therefore their status as moral patients. This idea has garnered substantial interest and has framed much of the psychological approach to meat consumption. We subjected Studies 1 and 2 of Bastian et al. (2012) to high-powered direct replications and found support for the target article's hypotheses, concluding a successful replication. Perceptions of animals' minds were negatively related to their perceived edibility (original: = -.42 [-.67, -.08]; replication: = -.45 [-.69, -.12]), positively related to moral concern for them (original: = .77 [.58, .88]); replication: = .83 [.68, .91]) and positively related to negative affect related to eating them (original: .80 [.63, .90]; replication: = .80 [.62, .90]). Learning that an animal will be used for food led people to deny its mental capabilities (original: = 0.40 [0.15, 0.65]; replication: = 0.30, 95% CI [0.24, 0.37]), with the affect slightly weaker than the original. Our findings support the idea that the meat paradox is resolved through people's motivated denial of food animals' minds. Materials, data, and code are available on the OSF: https://osf.io/h2pqu/. This Registered Report has been officially endorsed by Peer Community in Registered Reports: https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.rr.100545.

The present research investigates when and how contact among ethnic minority groups members is linked with solidarity, as a joint effort aimed at mitigating social inequalities. Two cross-sectional studies in Belgium (Study 1a) and Turkey (Study 1b) with North African immigrants and Iraqi immigrants respectively, were conducted. Convergent results supported the assumptions that having positive inter-minority contact is linked with solidarity with other ethnic minorities and the association is mediated by affective injustice. In addition, across both studies, having positive inter-minority contact attenuated the link between positive contact with the majority group and lower inter-minority solidarity and it enhanced the link between negative contact with the majority group and higher inter-minority solidarity. Inconsistent results were found for negative inter-minority contact. Only in the Turkish context, it was positively associated with affective injustice that in turn showed an indirect effect in the link between negative inter-minority contact and solidarity. Overall, results underscore the pivotal role of positive inter-minority contact in fostering cooperation among ethnic minority groups and highlight for the first time the complex interplay between the valence of majority-minority and inter-minority contact experiences.