The purpose of this study was to evaluate the size of the neck of mandibular condyle in Indian population using computed tomography (CT) scans and compare the same with that of hybrid plates.

Histones are critical for eukaryotic cell survival, supporting and packaging DNA into chromatin domains that define gene expression and cellular identity. Fundamental to the establishment of these domains is the adequate histone supply that is tightly regulated from the moment histones are transcribed, synthesized, and recycled, to when they are degraded. In this review, we describe and emphasize each step of the histone supply chain and its impact on chromatin structure and cellular identity. Given the robust studies on histones H3 and H4 supply, we primarily discuss these nucleosome components and their variants while briefly touching on H2A and H2B dynamics. We also highlight central proteins that supervise these processes and relay key studies that explore the consequences and clinical impact of limiting or altering the histone supply chain. Together, these insights underscore the importance of histone homeostasis as a critical determinant of genome stability and cell fate.

Previously, we reconstituted a minimal functional kinetochore from recombinant proteins that was capable of transmitting force from dynamic microtubules to nucleosomes containing the centromere-specific histone variant Cse4 (Hamilton et al., 2020). This work revealed two paths of force transmission through the inner kinetochore: through Mif2 and through the Okp1/Ame1 complex (OA). Here, using a chimeric DNA sequence that contains crucial centromere-determining elements of the budding yeast point centromere, we demonstrate that the presence of centromeric DNA sequences in Cse4-containing nucleosomes significantly strengthens OA-mediated linkages. Our findings indicate that centromeric sequences are important for the transmission of microtubule-based forces to the chromosome.

Tumor-reactive CD4+ T cells often accumulate in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in human cancer, but their functions and roles in antitumor responses remain elusive. Here, we investigated the immunopeptidome of HLA class II-positive (HLA-II+) endometrial cancer with an inflamed TME using a proteogenomic approach. We identified HLA-II neoantigens, one of which induced polyclonal CD4+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte responses. We then experimentally demonstrated that neoantigen-specific CD4+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes lyse target cells in an HLA-II-dependent manner. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the TME coupled with T-cell receptor sequencing revealed the presence of CD4+ T-cell clusters characterized by CXCL13 expression. The CXCL13+ clusters contained two subclusters with distinct cytotoxic gene expression patterns. The identified neoantigen-specific CD4+ T cells were found exclusively in one of the CXCL13+ subclusters characterized by granzyme B and CCL5 expression. These results demonstrate the involvement of tumor-reactive CD4+ T cells with cytotoxic function in immune surveillance of endometrial cancer and reveal their transcriptomic signature.

To translate the 9-item Confidence in Dementia (CODE) scale into Chinese (Confidence in Dementia-Chinese, CODE-C) and evaluate its psychometric properties among clinical nurses.

Fractures of the walls of the orbit can cause a number of problems which include diplopia, extraocular muscle entrapment, enophthalmos, etc. Medial wall fractures are the most common among all orbital wall fractures, and their anatomical reconstruction is relatively challenging. Various autogenous and synthetic materials have been tried over the years, and each has its own advantages and limitations. In this case report, a 17-year-old male presented with an outward deviation of his left eye with binocular double vision since 18 days following a blunt injury with a tennis ball. He was diagnosed with a trapdoor fracture of the medial wall of the left orbit with entrapment of medial rectus muscle which was successfully managed by releasing the entrapped muscle and reconstructing the defect using an intraoral periapical X-ray film.

The identification of markers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and improvement of therapeutic options represents an unmet clinical need to increase survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), a neoplasm still characterized by very high incidence and mortality. Here, we investigated whether proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), a mitochondrial flavoenzyme catalyzing the key step in proline degradation, played a role in NSCLC tumorigenesis. PRODH expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry; digital PCR, quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and functional cellular assays were carried out. PRODH expression was found in the majority of lung adenocarcinomas (ADCs). Patients with PRODH-positive tumors had better cancer-free specific and overall survival compared to those with negative tumors. Ectopic modulation of PRODH expression in NCI-H1299 and the other tested lung ADC cell lines decreased cell survival. Moreover, cell proliferation curves showed delayed growth in NCI-H1299, Calu-6 and A549 cell lines when PRODH-expressing clones were compared to control clones. The 3D growth in soft agar was also impaired in the presence of PRODH. PRODH increased reactive oxygen species production and induced cellular senescence in the NCI-H1299 cell line. This study supports a role of PRODH in decreasing survival and growth of lung ADC cells by inducing cellular senescence.

The transcription factor Math6, mouse atonal homolog 6, belongs to the family of highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. It plays an important role in embryonic development and shows a wide expression pattern in murine tissues. The placenta, as a life-sustaining transient organ for the fetus, also depends on the expression of Math6. The adverse effects of deleting Math6 in mice, leading to deficient placental development and pregnancy loss, have already been demonstrated by us. Until now, detailed investigations regarding the specific mechanisms underlying the improper placental development in these murine mutants have failed, as the Math6 expression could not be confined to a specific cell type due to the lack of a highly specific Math6 antibody. To circumvent this problem, we used transgenic mice, where Math6 is marked with a Flag sequence that functions as a specific epitope. Tissues from these transgenic mice were used to establish immunohistochemical staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The establishment of these methods yielded initial findings pertaining to the identification of Math6-expressing cell types and their localization. Our results reveal that Math6 shows a wide expression pattern in both maternal and fetal components of the murine placenta. It shows expression in various cell types, but predominantly in trophoblast giant cells, endothelial cells and macrophages. The largest subpopulation that we detected in the group of Math6-positive cells were identified as DBA+ uterine natural killer cells. These findings reveal information and a chance for further investigation on the involvement of Math6 in placental development and the molecular pathomechanisms of spontaneous abortion.

This article examines the changing relationship between religion, secularism, national politics, and identity formation among Lebanese Christians in Senegal. Notre Dame du Liban, the first Lebanese religious institution in West Africa, draws on its Lebanese "national" character to accommodate Lebanese Maronite Catholic and Greek Orthodox Christians in Dakar, remaining an icon of "Lebanese" religion, yet departing from religious sectarianism in Lebanon. As such, can vary from gaining new resonances and reinforcing a wider "secular" ethno-national identity.

Synthetic dyes are widely used in the textile industry and constitute one of the main environmental pollutants worldwide. In the present study, 60 bacterial isolates were analyzed for decolorization capabilities against reactive azo dye. In this screening, one has emerged as the most promising strain to degrade the selected dye, which was identified as Brevibacillus laterosporus. The effect of different physical-chemical and temporal parameters (dye concentration, temperature, pH, shaking, and kinetics) on its decolorizing potential was assessed. B. laterosporus showed decolorization efficiency higher than 90% for high concentrations of dye mixture. The best decolorizing potential was found in the range of 30-40°C and 8-9.5 pH. Agitation had negative effects on decolorization performance, with decrease in bacterial dye degradation. Decolorization higher than 90% was found in the first 12 hours of culture. UV-Vis analyses suggested the cleavage of azo bonds, since the peaks observed in untreated dye mixture reached close to zero after 12 hours of treatment. The toxicity test showed that the treatment with the bacterium was efficient in removing the toxicity of the dye mixture. These findings suggest that B. laterosporus L77 is a promising strain to be used in bioremediation of textile effluents containing azo dyes.

Nongovernmental organizations working in international development increasingly follow a neoliberalized management model, hiring professional employees to conduct the work of social transformation under a bureaucratic regime that sees the recruitment and retention of staff members as rational transactions between employer and employee. Such managerialist thinking holds that staff members represent bundles of skills and knowledge to be sorted and allocated according to the requirements of work, that they seek to exchange their labor for payment, and that they may justifiably be fired for misdeeds like misuse of materials, misrepresenting themselves, or poor work quality, as determined by the institution. I use the example of local staff members resigning and being fired from an international democratization intervention in postwar Angola to argue that some development professionals refuse to occupy such management-defined subject positions, asserting instead their independent moralities about the place of implementation staff in international development work. International development institutions misrecognize many such acts, however, leaving intact unequal relations of power within the very industry meant to combat such unequal relations on a global scale.

The transition from premarital sexual relationships and courtship to marriage and parenthood in southeastern Nigeria involves particularly dramatic adjustments for young women who have absorbed changing ideas about sexuality, marriage, and gender equality, and who have had active premarital sexual lives. In the eyes of society, these women must transform from being promiscuous girls to good wives. This paper examines these adjustments and, specifically, how young married women's lives are affected by the reality of male infidelity and a persistent gendered double standard regarding the acceptability of extramarital sex.

In the context of the African HIV epidemic, support groups are not simply spaces for discussions of social and health well-being; neither are they institutions functioning solely to cultivate self-responsible and economically empowered patients. HIV-positive women in northern Nigeria have appropriated a support group to facilitate their marriage arrangements. In this group, women negotiate the threats of stigma and the promises of respectable marriage through what I call the management of ambiguity surrounding their HIV status. I further argue that the practice of support group matchmaking reveals the local political economic dynamics that shape social and illness trajectories in resource-poor settings.