To extend the current understanding of executive function (EF) deficits in youth with neurofibromatosis type 1 by investigating the impact of cognitive load on performance compared to typically developing children.

This study aimed to update normative data and establish cut-off scores for a fruit-based semantic verbal fluency (SVF) task among older Taiwanese adults as a method for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The task was chosen due to its familiarity and cultural neutrality for Mandarin-speaking populations.

Reading is a complex cognitive process requiring the integration of orthographic, phonological, and semantic information. The visual word form area, located in the ventral occipitotemporal cortex, is critically involved in orthographic decoding, and damage to this region is known to cause alexia. In contrast, the contributions of white matter pathways supporting reading are less well understood.

To investigate potential contributors to mental fatigue after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and angiographically negative subarachnoid hemorrhage (anSAH), with a focus on information processing speed, attentional control, and psychological distress.

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether military occupations with repetitive exposure to low-level blast (i.e., breachers and snipers) display poorer neurocognitive status compared to military controls without prior occupational engagement as breachers and/or snipers, and whether that effect is mediated by self-reported mental health symptoms.

Most children recover from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), but some experience persistent neurocognitive effects. Understanding is limited due to methodological differences and a lack of pre-injury data. The study aimed to assess changes in neurocognitive outcomes in children following mTBI compared to orthopedic injury (OI) and non-injured (NI) controls, while accounting for pre-injury functioning.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is linked to later-life cognitive decline and brain aging, but early detection of vulnerability in midlife remains challenging. This study applied two methods to detect subtle changes in midlife adults with MetS: (1) latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify cognitive performance patterns and (2) an MRI-derived brain-predicted age metric to assess structural brain aging.

In ADHD a common obstacle of academic success is impaired reading comprehension. Impaired comprehension in ADHD is accompanied by altered eye movements during reading as well as more general eye movement deficits associated with non-verbal stimuli. This suggests that the reading deficits do not cause the eye movement impairment. Instead, eye movements might contribute to reading comprehension difficulties.

Instrumental activities of daily living (iADLs) are critical in aging and neurodegenerative research, both diagnostically (e.g., distinguishing dementia from mild cognitive impairment) and as endpoints for trials maintaining or improving functioning. However, measurement has not consistently kept pace with a changed world wherein the ability to navigate technology is pertinent to maintaining independent functioning. The current study used harmonization approaches to link traditional and technological iADLs measures using two samples.

For patients with primary malignant brain tumors, cognitive decline is incredibly common and contributes to reduced independence in daily functioning. These patients often rely on informal caregivers (e.g., family, friends) for functional support, shown to increase caregiver distress in other neurologic populations. However, few studies have investigated this relationship in neuro-oncology; thus, we explored whether neuro-oncology patients' neurocognitive function was associated with caregiver burden.

Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) include activities like hair pulling and skin-picking that can lead to functional impairment. The neurocognitive underpinnings of BFRBs remain unclear, with inconsistent findings across domains.

Neuropsychological assessments commonly include word list learning tasks to assess verbal memory and learning. The California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) provides multiple outcome measures and information regarding strategies used to enhance the coding and retrieval of information. Despite its popularity, the CVLT has not yet been formally translated into Hebrew and adapted to the Israeli population.

Episodic memory naturally declines with age. The method of loci is an encoding strategy that has been shown to enhance episodic memory. However, it relies heavily on associative memory, as it consists in associating each item of a to-be-learnt list with a location along a familiar route, and associative memory is thought to be the source of the episodic age-related decline. However, when associative memory is supported by semantic knowledge, older adults can compensate for this decline. This study aims to explore the use of the method of loci, that we adapted to leverage pre-existing knowledge in semantic memory, to improve episodic memory in aging.

Remote videoconference neuropsychological assessments offer opportunities that remain under-exploited. We aimed to evaluate teleneuropsychology (TeleNP)-suitable oral and digital versions of the Symbol Digit Modalities Task (SDMT) and Trail Making Test (TMT) - widely used measures of speed and attention - by comparing them to their written counterparts.

The goal of the current study was to study the contribution of source memory, more specifically, a source memory task, on the memory performance measured with a novel virtual reality (VR)-based neuropsychological assessment test, i.e., the Suite Test.

Few studies examine the relationship between physical activity, multiple physical fitness domains (cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, speed), and cognition. Our objective was to investigate the association between physical activity and executive function in middle-aged and older adults and examine whether modifiable physical fitness components explain the relationship between physical activity and cognition.

Research indicates that demographic (e.g., age, education) and sociocultural (e.g., acculturation) factors can impact neuropsychological test performance among ethnoculturally diverse adults. Some studies suggest that greater acculturation to the United States (U.S.) is associated with better neurocognitive functioning, though no meta-analysis to date has examined this relationship. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the literature and determines the magnitude of the relationship between acculturation and neuropsychological test performance.

While psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety) are well-established predictors of suicidal ideation (SI) in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), the roles of other psychological and cognitive factors remain underexplored. This study examined associations between SI and emotion-processing difficulties, coping strategies, psychological resilience, and cognitive functioning after moderate-severe TBI.

Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits are associated with cognitive function, however, biological pathways accounting for these relations are not well understood. Here, we examined associations between individual FFM traits (self- and informant-reported) and cognitive function (episodic memory, executive control, and working memory), and the indirect effect of a latent index of cardiometabolic risk (composed of adiposity, glycemic control, blood pressure, blood lipids, and inflammation) in a midlife sample.

Everyday functional capacity in older adults is influenced by several factors, with prior studies finding that cognition mediates the relationship between depression and everyday functioning. However, these studies utilized samples with low depression severity and used only one type of functional assessment. We aimed to examine whether cognition mediates the relationship between depression and functioning in older adults with a history of treatment-resistant depression.

We evaluated performance-based differences in neuropsychological functioning in older adults (age 65+) across the dementia continuum (cognitively intact, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia) according to recent cannabis use (past six months).

Healthy sleep contributes to better cognitive functioning in children. This study sought to investigate the role of pre-injury sleep disturbance as a predictor or moderator of cognitive functioning across 6 months post-injury in children with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or orthopedic injury (OI).

Pediatric cancer survivors are at increased risk for neurocognitive challenges that can impact academic achievement and attainment. Educational supports via accommodations or special education can promote better outcomes for these youth; however, barriers often stand in the way of appropriate supports being implemented. Neuropsychological evaluation reports highlight a child's neurocognitive strengths and needs, but an additional tool to assist parents and educators in understanding the extent to which a child's neurocognitive needs are addressed by their educational supports may help ensure appropriate supports.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review existing measures of subjective cognition during menopause and to estimate the correlation between subjective and objective cognition in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Developmental Gerstmann's Syndrome (DGS) is a proposed neurological disorder characterized by finger agnosia, acalculia, right-left disorientation, agraphia, and in some cases, constructional dyspraxia. Case studies of DGS are limited, particularly those reporting on assessments in adults. The present case study demonstrates the presence of DGS symptoms in a young female adult with an autoimmune disorder but no clear history of neurological damage.

We examined cognitive performance in children with complicated mild-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) versus orthopedic injury (OI) using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognitive Battery (NIH TB-CB).

Because of the complexity of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) clinical presentations across bio-psycho-social domains of functioning, data-reduction approaches, such as latent profile analysis (LPA), can be useful for studying profiles rather than individual symptoms. Previous LPA research has resulted in more precise characterization and understanding of patients, better clarity regarding the probability and rate of disease progression, and an empirical approach to identifying those who might benefit most from early intervention. Whereas previous LPA research has revealed useful cognitive, neuropsychiatric, or functional subtypes of patients with AD, no study has identified patient profiles that span the domains of health and functioning and that also include motor and sensory functioning.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Executive Abilities: Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research (EXAMINER) is a validated laptop-based battery of executive functioning tests. A modified tablet version of the EXAMINER was developed on the UCSF Tablet-based Cognitive Assessment Tool (TabCAT-EXAMINER). Here we describe the battery and investigate the reliability and validity of a composite score.

Significant gaps remain in our knowledge of cognitive aging in Hispanic adults, the largest and fastest-growing minority group in the United States (U.S.). Episodic autobiographical memory (EAM), which has well documented age-related differences, has not been directly examined in older U.S. Hispanic adults - a population that is commonly bilingual. This study aimed to examine the effects of Spanish-English bilingualism and aging on EAM among Hispanic adults.