Self-forgiveness plays a crucial role in mitigating self-directed blame and enhancing psychological well-being. While prior research has linked self-compassion to self-forgiveness, the extent to which distinct self-compassion components contribute to self-forgiveness over time has not been systematically examined. The study aimed to assess the extent to which different dimensions of self-compassion (self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness, and over-identification) predict initial levels and growth trajectories of dispositional self-forgiveness over time employing a linear growth curve. A three-wave longitudinal study (with two-month intervals) was conducted with 164 Polish adults, predominantly Catholics. Dispositional self-compassion and self-forgiveness were assessed using validated Polish adaptations of the Self-Compassion Scale and Toussaint Self-Forgiveness Scale. Self-kindness was positively associated with higher baseline self-forgiveness (β = .27, = .02), whereas isolation significantly predicted a slower increase in self-forgiveness over time (β = -.17, = .026). The final model explained 80% of the variance in self-forgiveness at the last wave, with significant individual variability in growth trajectories. The study highlights the therapeutic potential of fostering self-kindness and reducing social disconnection to support self-forgiveness as a phenomenon commonly associated with healthier psychological adaptation.

To examine the association between Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and dimensions of sleep health. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from inception to March 2025. Primary inclusion criteria were original studies reporting associations between FoMO and any sleep health dimension. Risk of bias in included studies was assessed independently by two reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. Correlations between FoMO and sleep health dimensions were synthesized using random-effects meta-analytic models. Twenty-two studies (25 independent samples; = 12,191 participants) were included. Most used survey methods and assessed FoMO with the Fear of Missing Out Scale. Meta-analytic random-effects models were conducted for each sleep health dimension with at least 3 independent results. Twelve studies showed a positive correlation between FoMO and Sleep Quality (Fisher's Z = 0.265; p < 0.05), four studies showed a positive correlation between FoMO and Bedtime Procrastination (Fisher's Z = 0.231; p < .001), and five studies showed a positive correlation between FoMO and worse Sleep Hygiene (Fisher's Z = 0.268; p < .001). Two or fewer independent samples showed positive significant relations between FoMO and insomnia, later lights out time, problematic sleep, sleep deprivation, sleep onset latency, and sleep duration. Preliminary evidence suggests FoMO is associated with multiple dimensions of sleep health. Further longitudinal studies using multidimensional sleep assessments are needed. CRD42023446430.

Procrastination is a phenomenon that is particularly prevalent in the academic context, with prevalence rates as high as 70%-95%. The literature suggests that motivation and self-efficacy are associated with success in academic settings, whereas procrastination seems to decrease students' academic performance. However, the nature of the associations between motivation and procrastination among PhD students remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether self-efficacy is involved in the associations between five different types of regulation (intrinsic, integrated, identified, introjected, and external), conceptualized within the self-determination theory, and academic procrastination in a sample of PhD students. This cross-sectional study consisted of a sample of 522 PhD students of different specialties who completed self-reported measures of motivation (Motivation for PhD Studies Scale), self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale) and procrastination (Irrational Procrastination Scale). Our results indicated that higher intrinsic, integrated, and identified regulation, as well as higher self-efficacy, were associated with lower levels of procrastination. Self-efficacy was a significant mediator of the associations between intrinsic, integrated, identified, and introjected regulation and procrastination. These results suggest that different types of regulation and academic procrastination, among PhD students, may be linked through perceived self-efficacy. These findings highlight the importance of self-efficacy in academic contexts and suggest the integration of strategies to increase self-efficacy into current interventions, such as cognitive‒behavioral therapy or acceptance and commitment therapy, to reduce doctoral students' procrastination and promote their engagement in academic/scientific tasks, thereby facilitating the successful progression and completion of their doctoral studies.

In today's world of work, employees are increasingly perceived as proactive individuals who can achieve work-nonwork balance through crafting. However, the effectiveness of different proactive efforts is not fully known. Integrating the concept of work-nonwork balance crafting into a theoretical framework based on the self-regulatory focus theory, we aimed to evaluate and compare the predictive effects of distinct prevention- and promotion-focused work-nonwork balance crafting strategies on the work-nonwork balance among employees with varying preferences for segmenting work and nonwork domains. A diverse sample of 1,303 employees participated in our study by responding to items measuring their work-nonwork balance crafting strategies, work-nonwork balance, and segmentation preferences. Correlational and moderation analyses were used to test our study hypotheses. Results revealed that prevention-focused nonwork boundary crafting was most strongly related to work-nonwork balance, followed by prevention-focused work boundary crafting, and the effect of promotion-focused work boundary crafting had only a minor effect. In most cases, crafting strategies were more beneficial for employees with low segmentation preferences than those with high segmentation preferences. Thus, proactive efforts to protect work and nonwork domains from each other seem to be an effective balancing strategy, especially among domain integrators. The obtained results expand the theoretical framework of job crafting and complement the field of crafting research by shedding light on the effectiveness of different crafting strategies and the role of individual differences in boundary management.

Research on personal goals is conducted at various times during the year, and researchers ask participants about their goals in different ways, eliciting both new goals and goals that have been pursued for varying amounts of time. But do these differences affect how people perceive and report on their goals? In line with the fresh start effect, which proposes that people think differently about goals around temporal landmarks, we anticipated that people would perceive goals set and reported on around the New Year differently than goals set or reported on at other times of the year. Participants (N = 362) reported on three goals either in January or in March and rated them on 16 different characteristics. The goals were either young (set since January 1 or in the last month) or older goals that participants were already pursuing. Results showed that participants rated their goals very similarly in January and March. There were, however, many differences in perceptions based on goal age, with greater avoidance, controlled motivation, difficulty, abstractness, and conflict for older goals (compared to newer goals). Other goal characteristics (autonomous motivation, commitment, importance, effort, self-efficacy, approach motivation, and goal facilitation) did not differ by goal age. Participant's self-reported progress on their goals was also tracked monthly over 6 months. Progress generally followed a quadratic (inverse U) trajectory, initially increasing, then plateauing and slightly decreasing across the 6 months. There were, however, differences between goals set in January and those set in the last month, with January goals more closely following the quadratic pattern. Overall, this research contributes to our understanding of how goal perceptions evolve over time, highlighting the underexplored role of goal age and the seemingly limited role of temporal landmarks.

Limerence is an overwhelming and debilitating experience involving the intense and often obsessive attachment towards a person who becomes the limerent object, which when left unharnessed, typically results in negative outcomes. At present, there are no published measures to assess the construct of limerence. To address this gap, we developed a short self-report measure to measure limerence (The Limerence Questionnaire-11; LQ-11). This paper reports two studies with data from two different samples (Study 1, = 269; Study 2, = 401) of participants that had experienced or were currently experiencing limerence. Results from the exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure comprising of '' and ' (Study 1). Confirmatory Factor Analysis subsequently confirmed a two-factor structure with excellent internal reliability (Study 2). Results demonstrated that the LQ-11 had good concurrent, convergent and discriminant validity. The LQ-11 is an easily administrable questionnaire for potential use in both interpersonal research domains and in clinical and therapeutic settings.

The mindfulness components of acceptance, decentering, and non-attachment allow individuals to be less defensive and to respond more adaptively to challenges in their environment. In an academic environment this could be helpful in mitigating the stress associated with failure, which in turn may allow for greater well-being. Therefore, the purpose of Study 1 was to examine whether these protective factors might allow students to feel less academic burnout and greater academic engagement. College students ( = 222) completed an online survey that measured the study variables. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that Decentering and Acceptance significantly predicted Academic Burnout. Decentering also was shown to be a significant predictor of School Engagement. Given that Decentering was related to both Academic Burnout and Engagement, in Study 2 this variable was manipulated to determine whether it would allow individuals to respond more adaptively in the context of an academic failure. All participants took a challenging test and were given feedback that they failed it. Then, participants engaged in either a Decentering meditation or a Control condition. Participants then completed a second test and were asked about their levels of Stress, Focus and Confidence after completing the test. Participants in the Decentering condition reported lower Stress and higher Confidence, as compared to the Control condition. This research suggests that these components of mindfulness, and decentering in particular, could play an important role in fostering well-being in an academic environment. Implications of these results and recommendations for future work are discussed.

A sense of purpose in life, defined as a dispositional tendency to pursue goals and activities in line with one's overarching life direction, has been discussed as a key individual difference factor to foster in today's college students. However, few studies have inspected the benefits of purpose change specifically in a college student sample. The present study sought to model changes in students' sense of purpose in life across the first year of college and use this change to predict academic performance and psychosocial indicators of well-being at the end of that first year in a representative sample of a cohort (2019-2020) of undergraduates from a large Appalachian university ( = 775, 90.25% White, 49.67% female). Using structural equation modeling to test linear growth curves, results demonstrated that both student's initial level and increases over time in purpose in life were robustly associated with better academic and psychosocial outcomes. These novel findings suggest that a sense of purpose in life is an important individual difference factor to cultivate in college students, and that facilitation of a strong sense of purpose in life could promote student success and well-being.

The Resilience Protective Factors Checklist (RPFC) is a strengths-based oriented clinical questionnaire that assists in the identification of protective factors that have been empirically linked to resilience and positive outcomes. This study utilized a Confirmatory Factor Analysis to assist in the identification of additional protective factors linked to resilience, which informed the creation of the Resilience Protective Factors Checklist - Second Edition (RPFC-2). CFA results validated the structure of the RPFC-2 (CFI = .83, RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .06), with small discrepancies between the hypothesized model and the model from our sample data. Participants were undergraduate college students ( = 652). The results revealed a total of 34 protective factors that represent three interrelated areas of protection-Individual, Family, and Community streng ths and resources. The results are further broken down into eleven areas of protection that can be targeted in human services. An important goal of the present study was to identify and strengthen the factors that assist people in leading resilient, well-adjusted lives.

This study aims to investigate the underexplored mechanisms through which leadership humility influences change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in the context of Pakistan's educational sector. The primary novelty of this research lies in testing an integrated moderated mediation model that positions Readiness to Change as a mediator and flexible work practices as a moderator, a framework that has not been previously examined in this specific cultural and professional setting. Using a random sampling approach, data were collected from 291 employees across educational institutions in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The proposed hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) via SmartPLS (version 3). The results revealed that leadership humility has a significant positive impact on employees' change-oriented OCB. This relationship is mediated by their Readiness to change. Furthermore, flexible work practices were found to positively moderate the link between leadership humility and Readiness to change, indicating that this relationship is strengthened in the presence of greater workplace flexibility. These findings provide valuable implications for educational management, suggesting that fostering humble leadership and implementing flexible work arrangements are crucial strategies for promoting adaptive and proactive change behaviors among employees.

Both firearm violence and suicidal behavior have increased over time and pose a serious public health concern. However, few studies have examined the link between the two. This study examined the link between suicidal behaviors, firearm beliefs, and firearm violence. This study included 371 violently injured adults ( = 32.58). Most participants were male (72%) and identified as African American (80%). Recruitment occurred from August 2021 to June 2024. Multiple regressions were performed to assess whether firearm beliefs (i.e., safety, emotional risk, neighborhood concerns, firearm presence, and social perception) predicted suicidal behavior and if suicidal behavior predicted firearm behaviors, and firearm violence while controlling for sex, age, and race. Perceiving firearms as protective was associated with suicidal behavior. Suicidal behavior was positively associated with firearm behaviors (defensive and offensive) as well as firearm violence (reactive and proactive). These findings highlight overlapping risks of suicide and firearm violence and underscore the importance of integrated prevention strategies.

A recent trial in older adults with anxiety symptoms in primary care found no differences in outcome between an ACT and CBT intervention. The current study aimed to identify moderators and non-specific predictors of treatment response to these two interventions. The sample consisted of 314 older adults who were randomized to either ACT or CBT. Anxiety symptom severity (measured with the GAD-7) was the main outcome variable. Demographics, (psycho)pathology, social support, and psychological processes were examined as predictors. No moderator variables were identified. More severe anxiety and depression symptoms at baseline predicted a worse short- and long-term response to ACT and CBT, while higher levels of mastery predicted a better short-term treatment response in both conditions. When interpreting these results, the lack of sufficient statistical power to detect multiple modest interaction effects should be taken into account. Based on the results of the present study, it is not possible to allocate patients to the intervention that is likely to be most effective for them. The prognostic effects of anxiety and depression symptom severity and mastery may hold implications regarding treatment enhancement strategies in general. The study was registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (NL6131; NTR6270).

It is often claimed that romantic relationships with narcissistic partners can lead to adverse outcomes for an individual, including damaged self-esteem and interpersonal trust or elevated cynicism. Romantic ex-partners of narcissistic individuals are also assumed to question their own judgment and partner choice, implying an increased desire for self-insight. An empirical foundation for such assertions is, however, lacking. The present study aims to elucidate aspects of psychological adjustment and personality traits in individuals who report a recent romantic relationship with a narcissistic partner. To this end, we compared self-esteem, interpersonal trust, cynicism, and the self-insight motive of individuals who label their ex-partner as narcissistic ( = 104) with persons who classify their ex-partner as non-narcissistic ( = 193). Furthermore, we asked all study participants ( = 297) to rate their ex-partner's trait levels of antagonistic narcissism and investigated how these relate to participants' own self-esteem, interpersonal trust, and cynicism. Moreover, we explored whether relationship length moderates these associations. Independent -tests revealed that individuals who label their ex-partners as narcissistic reported lower self-esteem, less interpersonal trust, and a stronger desire for self-insight than individuals with presumably non-narcissistic ex-partners. Correlation and multiple regression analyses further indicated significant associations between the ex-partners' level of antagonistic narcissism and participants' self-reported interpersonal trust and cynicism. Relationship length did not moderate these associations, but had an independent effect on cynicism. Although the present study does not allow to draw causal conclusions, it represents an initial step towards exploring a so far largely neglected research domain. Possible implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

The relationship between emotion regulation strategies and perceived stress has been explored between collectivist and individualist cultures. However, a major limitation of these studies has been the reliance on a single country's sample to represent an entire cultural category. Using a comparative design and including participants from a variety of countries, this study examined cultural differences in the use of two different emotion regulation strategies (expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal) and their association with perceived stress. A total of 183 adult participants (109 from collectivist cultures, such as China, Japan and Nigeria, and 74 from individualistic cultures, such as the United Kingdom, the United States and Germany) completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale online. Results showed that the use of cognitive reappraisal did not differ between collectivist and individualist groups, but they differed in the use of expressive suppression. In addition, no cultural differences were found in the association between cognitive reappraisal or expressive suppression and perceived stress. The lack of differences in the use of cognitive reappraisal, and the lack of a predictive role of emotion regulation strategies with perceived stress, may support the idea of a transcultural approach to deal with stress.

The development and growth of cognitive traits at adolescence is a multidimensional progression and drug addiction at this stage imparts significant detrimental effects on cognitive behavior and executive ability of brain. In this cross-sectional study, the adolescents with heroin use disorder with (G2) or without (G3) treatment were compared with the healthy controls (G1). Their socio-demographic data were collected, cognition was assessed by Stroop color word and colored number tests. Serum BDNF and dopamine analysis was done by ELISA. Time Interference Score was found to be significantly ( < 0.05) higher while Interference Score showed a significant ( < 0.05) decrease in the inhibitory control in the persons of G3 compared to control group G1. Serum BDNF was found to be significantly ( < 0.05) decreased while dopamine was significantly ( < 0.05) increased in the subjects of G3 compared to control group G1. The death of the father, a family conflict and a family member already addicted for drugs were identified to be significant ( < 0.05) parameters in the drug abuse. Lack of quality education ( < 0.001), financial stress due to unemployment or working only on daily wages ( < 0.001) and people from lower socioeconomic status family ( < 0.05) with low monthly earnings ( < 0.05) have a significantly higher trend for drug addiction. It was then observed that there is a significantly ( < 0.001) strong relationship that more the time spent by the person in the rehabilitation center, the less was the rate of relapse of the problem. It has therefore been concluded that socio-demographic factors play a crucial role in heroin addiction that ultimately severely affects their neurological development and thus, impairs the behavioral and learning abilities. However, a proper rehabilitation therapy could restore their social and mental health.

The increasing prevalence of social media usage has led to a rise in online bashing, adversely affecting the mental health and well-being of students. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a robust tool to determine the coping strategies employed by individuals experiencing online bashing. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Coping with Social Media Bashing Scale (CoSMB). An exploratory sequential research design was employed and a total of 1,014 college students across three universities in the Philippines were recruited to participate in the study. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify the underlying structure of the CoSMB, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the factor model. Cronbach's alpha and inter-item/inter-total correlations were utilized to assess the scale's reliability, while content and criterion validity tests were performed to examine the scale's validity. EFA and CFA yielded a 10-item scale consisting of two factors: 'Assertive Coping' and 'Passive Coping'. The scale demonstrated excellent validity and high internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of .80. Mental health professionals can leverage the CoSMB to design interventions for students distressed by online bashing, enabling them to create personalized treatment plans and support strategies.

The purpose of the present study was to create a shorter and contemporary version of the Jackson Career Explorer (JCE), titled "The JCE Mini". Utilizing archival data of people who had completed the JCE ( = 3105), half of the sample was used to develop shorter, three-item scales, and the second half was used to validate the shorter measure (102 items) with additional self-report responses. The JCE Mini showed good internal consistency for most scales and good convergent validity with other career inventories. Correlations with a personality measure were consistent with previous research of the full JCE. In Study 2, a new scale was created to assess an interest in technological careers to improve the JCE Mini's relevance to the current job market by testing six new items. In addition, we tested 20 new items in nine scales that were updated to reflect changes in the workplace and improve the psychometrics of the scales. The new sample ( = 609) completed 102 items from the JCE Mini of Study 1 and 26 new items. Results suggest that the new JCE Mini, consisting of 105 items that assess 28 work roles or specific careers (one more than the original JCE), and seven work styles demonstrate good internal consistencies for the scales and good convergent validity.

The affect-regulation framework provides a comprehensive explanation of how individuals demonstrate resilience in the face of adversity. However, this theoretical model has yet to be empirically tested. The present study aims to validate this framework in adolescent populations by examining the longitudinal relationship between cognitive reappraisal (an adaptive emotion regulation strategy) and psychological resilience, while also exploring the mediating roles of two short-term outcomes: positive affect and social connectedness. Data were collected from 316 high school students across three time points, and path analysis was employed to test the proposed hypotheses. The results showed that cognitive reappraisal at T1 was positively associated with psychological resilience at T3. Furthermore, both positive affect and social connectedness measured at T2 exerted indirect effects on this relationship. These findings highlight the critical role of cognitive reappraisal, positive affect, and social connectedness in fostering psychological resilience among adolescents.

Individuals who endorse honor are more prone to react aggressively, both with their partners and in cyber-psychological contexts. However, anticipated feelings previous to the response may influence their reaction. Thus, the role that emotions may have in the way partners in a couple react is an indicator of how they will react in the future. To address this study questions, the present research focuses on the role of two emotions scarcely studied (guilt and frustration) to test whether they mediate the relationship between honor endorsement and aggressive responses in an online context (perpetration and victimization). A sample of 1.173 young people (430 men, 743 women; 15-22 years old) were recruited in secondary schools and universities. To participate, they had to volunteer and had been in a relationship for at least one month in the last year. Once consented, participants provided information about demographic variables and their couple relationships and completed measures about cyber-abuse, feeling guilt, frustration tolerance and honor endorsement. We tested the culture of honor invariance according to sex, and age (adolescents/young adults). Results indicated that invariance can be assumed in the case of age, that means that for adolescents and young adults the responses were comparable. But this was not the case as a function of participant sex. Thus, subsequent analyses were run by considering men and women separately. Path analyses showed that honor endorsement was directly and indirectly (through frustration and guilt) associated with the perpetration of direct cyberaggression and cybercontrol of the partner. However, whilst frustration tolerance strengthened this association, guilt reduced it. These results are important as they contribute to acknowledging how emotions are a key to understanding the underlying processes in interpersonal (violent) relations, to our understanding of the role of emotions in cyber-aggression patterns, and thus, orient future interventions.

Software updating is a critical cybersecurity measure that often depends on decision making by end users on whether to apply, delay, or ignore updates when available. Little is known about how aging may interact with cognitive factors and cybersecurity attitudes to affect software update decisions in older versus younger adults. The present study used an online experiment ( = 120) to compare older and younger adults' responses to hypothetical software update scenarios that varied in cognitive load, threat information, and coping information, along with measurements of cybersecurity-related attitudes. Across both age groups, coping-related information was more effective than threat information at yielding adaptive responses to software update decisions. Additionally, among older adults, the OSBBQ was associated with more adaptive responses, suggesting that it has practical utility in assessing older adults' cybersecurity behaviors. The results have implications for future research and promotion of safe cybersecurity practices among younger and older adults.

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is associated with adolescent wellbeing, and associations between EI and problem behaviours (internalising and externalising) are also emerging. The incremental validity of EI over wellbeing as a predictor of problem behaviours has received less attention but may offer a more nuanced understanding of the contribution of emotional factors that give rise to problem behaviours. We hypothesised that EI would be predictive of positive wellbeing and negatively related to psychological distress and further that lower emotional awareness and regulation were expected to predict internalising and externalising behaviours. In a sample of 422 adolescents, we conducted linear regressions to examine the relationship between EI scores and subjective wellbeing, eudaimonic wellbeing, and psychological distress. As expected, higher emotional awareness, expression and regulation predicted subjective and eudaimonic wellbeing and was inversely predictive of psychological distress. Hierarchical linear regressions examined if EI and measures of wellbeing and psychological distress predicted problem behaviours while considering differences in gender. Externalising behaviours were predicted by subjective wellbeing and psychological distress, emotional regulation, and gender, while internalising behaviours were predicted by subjective wellbeing and psychological distress, emotional awareness, and emotional regulation. Findings emphasised the relative importance of effective emotional regulation in relation to adolescent wellbeing, psychological distress, and problem behaviours which may have implications for targeted development of EI.

With the mounting pressure of work and life, improving personal well-being has become increasingly significant. Existing studies illustrate that hierarchical relationships in organisations may affect employees' perceptions and cognitions. However, there is a relative lack of research on the trickle-down of well-being across different hierarchical levels. This paper examines a trickle-down model of well-being across three hierarchical levels (i.e., CEO, middle-level managers and employees), as well as the synergistic effect of human resource management (HRM). We used a mixed-method design. In-depth interviews of middle managers and non-managerial employees offered initial insights for our research questions and hypotheses. Multi-level analyses of 1,386 employees from 120 enterprises further tested and confirmed that CEO well-being may independently affect the well-being of two middle-level managers (the line manager and the HR manager) and further improve employee well-being. Besides, a significant three-way interactive effect, among line-manager well-being, HR-manager well-being and commitment-based HRM, may synergistically promote employee well-being. When line-manager well-being, HR-manager well-being and commitment-based HRM are all high, employees exhibit the highest level of well-being. The results provide support for the application of a trickle-down model of well-being and extend the research on the synergy between leaders and HRM systems.

Food healthiness is often an important factor in deciding what to eat and how much. When evaluating healthiness, individuals may have access to only visual information, such as when they see food on display at a store/restaurant or see a food image on a package, menu, or store/restaurant website. However, in other contexts, individuals may have access to multisensory information through product sampling (e.g., grocery stores, food courts). Would sensory mode of evaluation, and specifically eating a food versus only viewing it, differentially influence perceived healthiness? Four preregistered studies address this question. The results show that individuals perceive foods with a combination of flavors/ingredients as healthier when they sample (vs. only view) them. Process evidence suggests the effect may be driven by salience of added flavors/ingredients when evaluating food based only on visual information (vs. sampling). Accordingly, highlighting the added flavor reduces healthiness of sampled foods to attenuate the effect. The effect also attenuates when foods do not have a combination of flavors/ingredients and could therefore be evaluated based on stereotypical healthy/unhealthy categorizations. The findings have implications for consumers, managers, and regulators. They also underscore the need for research investigating how information from different sensory modalities influences product evaluations, and the need for work identifying the mechanisms driving sensory integration.

Balancing work and family responsibilities is challenging for working mothers, particularly those with caregiving duties. The present study investigates the relationship between work-family conflict (WFC) and moral injury, focusing on the potential moderating role of moral resilience. Italian working mothers (N = 285), either with preschool children or caring responsibilities for elderly parents and adolescent/young adult children, completed measures of WFC, moral injury, and moral resilience. Results indicated an association between work-family conflict (WFC) and moral injury, with moral resilience attenuating this relationship. Specifically, at higher levels of moral resilience, the relationship between WFC and moral injury was weaker. This protective mechanism was consistent across different caregiving groups. These findings enhance understanding of the complex psychological experiences of working mothers and emphasize the importance of interventions, such as flexible work policies and moral resilience training, to provide effective support. Practical implications, study limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

This study explored a longitudinal data-base that assessed a set of psychological and socio-demographic factors associated with parenting styles in a sample of 1,053 parents (55% mothers) with a mean age of 41.2 years ( = 6.7) who had children aged 10 years. We were interested in the correlates of three distinct parenting styles: Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive Parenting (criterion variables), along with the various predictor variables: gender, age, the Big-Five personality factors, cognitive ability, self-efficacy, mental health problems, educational qualifications and occupational levels. Regression analyses revealed that traits Agreeableness and Openness, self-efficacy, and gender (being mothers) were significant ( < .01 to < .001) and positive, independent predictors of Authoritative Parenting, accounting for 17% of the variance. Trait Agreeableness, age (negatively), and mental health problems (positively) were significant ( < .05 to < .001) and independent predictors of Authoritarian Parenting, accounting for 13% of the variance. Trait Conscientiousness, occupational levels, and gender (being mothers) were significant ( < .05) and negative independent predictors of Permissive Parenting, accounting for 10% of the variance. Implications are discussed as well as limitations of the study.

This study investigates the impact of self-handicapping on psychiatric symptoms among students, focusing on the moderating role of authenticity. A total of 260 Pakistani students from various schools and colleges participated in the study through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Self-Handicapping Questionnaire, the Four-Dimensional Symptoms Questionnaire, and the Authenticity Scale. Results indicate that self-handicapping significantly predicts psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and distress. Furthermore, authenticity was found to moderate these relationships, suggesting that higher levels of authenticity can buffer the negative effects of selfhandicapping on mental health. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing self-defeating behaviours and promoting authenticity as part of mental health interventions in educational settings. These insights are valuable for educators and mental health professionals aiming to improve student well-being.

Body image influences well-being and encompasses cognitive, emotional, and idealistic aspects. Adolescents often experience body image dissatisfaction (BID) because of societal pressures caused by excessive social media (SM) use. Studies in France and Saudi Arabia link SM to BID, but the protective role of parent-adolescent relationships in Saudi Arabia remains unclear. This study evaluated whether positive relationships counteract the effects of SM on BID among Saudi adolescents. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia on 377 adolescents from April 2023 to October 2024. Data were collected via an online questionnaire sent to the guardians for consent and forwarded to the adolescents. The questionnaire covered demographics, BID, SM usage frequency, and parent-adolescent relationship quality. The study participants were predominantly female (79.6%), with a mean age of 16.7 years. In our sample, 23.4% of the participants had psychiatric disorders, mainly anxiety (36.4%) and depression (25.2%). TikTok (60.7%) and Instagram (48.8%) were the most commonly used SM platforms. Body mass index (BMI) and pre-existing psychiatric disorders significantly influenced BID ( < 0.05). SM use was significantly associated with BID; however, a positive mother-adolescent relationship moderated this effect. The father-adolescent relationship had no such effect. This study highlights the impact of SM on BID, with positive maternal bonds mitigating its negative effects. Strengthening familial bonds has emerged as an important intervention for minimizing the extent to which SM causes BID among adolescents.

The file drawer problem and related publication bias have effect when research not published for reasons including statistically nonsignificant results, small effects, or small samples, is overlooked when collecting studies for quantitative meta-analyses, resulting in meta-analytic estimates that are larger than true effects. In a replication of a study by Dalton, Aguinis, Dalton, Bosco, & Pierce, (2012), I examined the implications of this problem for meta-analytic research in the organization sciences. In the replication, I compared mean effects from 23 recent meta-analyses of organization research that included both published and unpublished data with mean effects provided by the meta-analyses' authors that included published data alone. In failing to produce evidence of a file drawer/publication bias problem after accounting for possible Type 1 error, the comparisons in my study provided additional evidence that was consistent with the conclusion reached by Dalton and colleagues that the file drawer problem and related publication bias are not as prevalent in organizational research as has sometimes been suggested.

Perceived social isolation (PSI) predicts adverse health and behaviour problems better than objective social isolation (OSI). PSI is related to higher sensitivity to negative emotional states and emotional dysregulation. Some studies suggest that the more socially isolated people feel, the more sensitive they are to the suffering of others, yet the less empathic they are. However, no study has tested the association between social isolation and empathy while distinguishing their state and trait forms. This study examined how individuals with high- and low-PSI trait perceived and empathized with virtual agents displaying facial expressions. Sixty-six healthy young adults (38 women) were equally divided into high- or low-trait PSI subgroups. All participants reported their current state of PSI and then watched short videos of virtual agents showing facial expressions of physical pain or sadness. For each video, participants rated the perceived intensity of affective states and empathy felt (state empathy). They also completed questionnaires on trait empathy, OSI, moods, and depressive symptomatology. The results showed no effect of group (high- or low-trait PSI), facial expression (pain, sadness), or their interaction on state empathy and intensity mean ratings. However, regression analyses revealed that OSI specifically predicted perspective-taking and empathic concern aspects of trait empathy, whereas trait PSI predicted the personal distress aspect. These findings suggest that social skills may play a role in maintaining and developing relationships but are not linked to one's perception of their quality. This work highlights the importance of differentiating objective from perceived social isolation, given their distinct associations with specific social processes and skills, such as empathy. This distinction could further help develop more targeted interventions to alleviate social isolation.

Emotional awareness (EA) is a valuable cognitive skill relevant to understanding human behavior and social relationships. The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS) was developed in 1990 and has been utilized extensively in research to measure individuals' EA. However, there is no published normative information on this instrument in a U.S. sample. We report normative LEAS data (n = 381, M = 42.71, 51% females, 85.30 % White) for demographic variable levels (age, sex, education, socio-economic status [SES], marital status, ethnicity, religion). We also examine interactions among these variables in predicting LEAS scores. Results showed main effects of age, sex, education level, SES, ethnicity, and marital status on LEAS scores; higher scores were observed for female, younger, more educated, higher SES, white, and single participants. There were significant interactions between sex/education level, sex/marital status, and age/marital status. In conclusion, analysis of archived normative data revealed that age, sex, education, SES, and marital status uniquely impact LEAS scores; interactions between these factors also provided further insights into sources of variability. Future research in U.S. samples can utilize these normative data to better understand findings within and between specific populations of interest.