[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103351.].

Accurate prognosis prediction in bladder cancer (BCa) is crucial for personalized treatment. This study aimed to develop and validate a non-invasive model using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting the overall survival (OS) in patients with BCa.

FOLFIRINOX treatment for pancreatic cancer often causes severe neutropenia, leading to dose reductions and potentially fatal outcomes. Despite this, high-level evidence supporting pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (peg-GCSF) as the primary prophylaxis is lacking. This study aimed to determine whether primary prophylaxis of peg-GCSF can prevent severe neutropenia in patients with pancreatic cancer treated with modified-(m)FOLFIRINOX.

The primary analysis of the CAP-BRAIN trial has shown preliminary antitumour activity and safety of first-line camrelizumab plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and brain metastases (BMs). Here, we report the final efficacy analysis of the CAP-BRAIN study following an additional 3-years of follow-up from the data cut-off date of the primary analysis, along with updated safety data.

Membranous nephropathy is a renal autoimmune disease associated with autoantibodies against phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) in 50-80% of cases. Patients develop immunity towards a single or multiple PLA2R1 domains, defining a cascade immunization or epitope spreading associated with worse prognosis and low rate of spontaneous remission. We aimed to compare the efficacy of standard versus personalized treatment (based on biomarker: epitope spreading) with the immunosuppressor rituximab on remission rate at month-12.

Childhood cancer survivors face physical, psychological, and neurological symptoms that contribute to risky health behaviors and increased healthcare utilization. Traditional survivorship care models overlook risk associated with this symptom burden. The current study examined symptoms phenotypes to identify high-risk groups.

Rituximab has become a standard of care for many B-cell neoplasms, such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the impact of rituximab-induced B-cell deficiency on the risk of malaria for patients residing in endemic areas is unknown. Thus, this study evaluated the incidence of and risk factors for malaria among DLBCL participants in Malawi with a specific interest on those treated with rituximab plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone.

In recent years, combined MRI-targeted biopsy (TB) and 12-core extended systematic biopsy (SB) (TB + 12SB) has been recommended for biopsy-naïve patients with MRI-visible lesions for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. However, extended biopsy increases complication burden and healthcare expenditure. This head-to-head RCT aims to compare the novel combined MRI-TB and sextant six-core SB (TB + 6SB) scheme and classical TB + 12SB for PCa diagnosis.

In high-transmission settings, up to 70% of school-aged children (SAC; 5-15 years) harbour malaria parasites, mostly asymptomatically. This contributes significantly to school absenteeism (13-50%) and anaemia (61%), impairing cognitive development and academic performance. Despite this burden, SAC are often excluded from malaria-targeted interventions and act as a key reservoir for transmission. Intermittent Preventive Treatment for school-aged children (IPTsc), recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), involves administering a full antimalarial treatment course at regular intervals to prevent infection. This policy brief follows a successful clinical trial and large-scale implementation research in Tanzania that demonstrated IPTsc's operational feasibility and effectiveness. Administering Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine (DP) through school-based delivery proved safe, cost-effective, acceptable to communities, and led to significant reductions in malaria prevalence. These findings support IPTsc as a complementary malaria control strategy in endemic areas with moderate to high transmission. Countries with similar epidemiological profiles are encouraged to adopt IPTsc as part of their national malaria control strategies.

Vaccination is a highly effective public health tool. However, uptake of many vaccines has declined globally over the past decade, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, with coverage often falling short of critical thresholds. There is a large evidence-base of vaccine uptake interventions targeting vaccine recipients. Here we aim to synthesise evidence on the comparative effectiveness of these interventions, assess variations by age, and evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on intervention effectiveness.

Maternal pertussis vaccination (MPV), or pertussis vaccination during pregnancy is a strategy to prevent pertussis among young infants. However, the global and regional levels of coverage and their changes over time remain poorly known. This study provides MPV coverage and trends estimations at national levels among upper-middle- and high-income countries and territories that have official MPV policy recommendations.

Omadacycline is a first-in-class aminomethylcycline antibiotic approved to treat adults with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). This trial was conducted as a postmarketing regulatory commitment to confirm the efficacy and safety of omadacycline.

Studies where urine is typically obtained via invasive methods, show dipstick urinalysis can accurately screen for urinary tract infection (UTI) in febrile infants under 90 days old. However, evidence is limited in settings where clean catch urine collection is standard practice. This study assessed the accuracy of dipstick for UTI in a prospective cohort of febrile infants presenting to UK and Ireland emergency departments, where clean catch is the predominant urine collection method.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major global health burden with high relapse rates and limited treatment uptake. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), developed for type 2 diabetes and obesity, may also reduce alcohol consumption by modulating central reward pathways.

Sarcoidosis is complicated by neurosarcoidosis in 5-15% of cases. Neurosarcoidosis is characterized by the presence of non-necrotizing granulomas that can affect any part of the nervous system. Key clinical presentations include chronic meningitis, cranial nerve palsies, parenchymal cerebral and spinal lesions, peripheral neuropathy, or myopathy. Diagnosis requires histopathological confirmation of granulomatous disease and exclusion of other potential diagnoses. Immunosuppressive treatment strategies are based on cohort studies and expert consensus, as randomized controlled trials are lacking. Neurosarcoidosis is associated with high morbidity, with only one third of patients being symptom-free status after treatment. Optimal care should be centralized to provide specialized multidisciplinary expertise and facilitate research. Future research should focus on the optimal timing of 3rd line treatment initiation and treatment personalization.

Mortality in psychiatric hospitals is both elevated and poorly understood. We aimed to address a knowledge gap about cause-specific mortality among current psychiatric inpatients using a meta-analytic synthesis of primary research reporting on the natural, unnatural, and cause-specific mortalities.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in gastrointestinal surgery often lack standardized approaches to Surgical Quality Assurance (SQA), which threatens both internal and external validity. The technical complexity and inherent inter-surgeon variability in gastrointestinal procedures pose significant challenges for standardizing interventions and ensuring reproducible outcomes. SQA involves credentialing of surgeons, standardization of surgical techniques, and monitoring of performance, but consensus on essential components has been missing. To address this gap, we conducted a four-round Delphi consensus process with 40 international experts in gastrointestinal surgery and clinical trials.

Intraspinal tumors (ISTs) pose diagnostic challenges due to their complex anatomy and reliance on subjective clinical imaging interpretation, while artificial intelligence-based methods offer significant potential for non-invasive ISTs diagnosis. We aimed to develop and validate an MRI-based deep learning model for IST differentiation.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) carries a risk of patient-to-patient transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) via contaminated duodenoscopes. Data on preprocedural MDRO carriage are limited and essential for guiding targeted prevention strategies, including the potential use of single-use duodenoscopes. This study assessed MDRO carriage among patients undergoing ERCP across four countries.

Endectocides are a novel vector control tool that reduce the survival and fertility of blood sucking arthropods that feed upon treated humans or animals. Ivermectin mass drug administration is under evaluation as a complementary strategy for malaria vector control. The BOHEMIA consortium conducted two cluster-randomized trials, one in Mozambique, reported here and one in Kenya, reported elsewhere.

In resource-limited countries, chronic respiratory disease is common, and access to diagnosis and to the multiple medications in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease guidelines is limited. Building on a previous pilot study, we hypothesised that implementation of a simple stepped anti-inflammatory reliever (AIR) approach with budesonide-formoterol in patients presenting with obstructive airways disease and recurrent exacerbations in resource-limited settings would reduce exacerbations compared to usual care.