Despite growing recognition of pandemic preparedness gaps in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs), empirical evidence on facility-level capacity remains limited. This study assesses the capacity of health facilities in LLMICs to respond to infectious disease pandemics and identifies structural determinants influencing that capacity.

Jorge Lobo's disease (JLd), a cutaneous mycosis caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides lobogeorgii, follows a chronic course and is refractory to any treatment modality. On histopathological view, the dermis presents crowded macrophages that have M2 polarization, which is associated with an anti-inflammatory profile and maintenance of the infection. Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles responsible for neutral lipid storage for energetic needs. Intracellular pathogens may utilize LDs both to evade the immune response and as a source of nutrients. LDs in JLd have not yet been evaluated.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), including glucose intolerance, weight gain, and dyslipidemia. However, with the advent of newer agents such as dolutegravir (DTG), evidence on the burden of MetS remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of MetS and its determinants among people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving DTG-based ART at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (DMCSH), Northwest Ethiopia.

To evaluate susceptibilities of novel antibiotics against imipenem-non-susceptible Escherichia coli (INS-EC), Klebsiella pneumoniae (INS-KP), Acinetobacter baumannii (INS-AB), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (INS-PA) in Taiwan, and the potential resistance mechanisms.

Background We compared all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, and emergency department (ED) visit rates among 73,899 influenza outpatients treated with oseltamivir and 1,592 patients treated with baloxavir. Methods Data were drawn from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network, which comprises 69 healthcare organizations and includes patients recorded between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2023. Subsequently, 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was applied between the two groups in order to further control for baseline differences and potential confounders. Results The patients treated with baloxavir displayed significantly lower rates of 1-, 3-, and 6-month hospitalization(1.6%, 3.7%, 5.3% vs 0.6%, 0.6% 0.8%) and 1-, 3-, and 6-month ED visits(1.8%, 4.4%, 7.2vs 1.5%, 3.5% 5.0%) versus those treated with oseltamivir. The all-cause hospitalization was 5.3% for oseltamivir users and 0.8% for baloxavir users (HR 6.49; 95% CI, 3.55-11.90), emergency department visits were 7.2% versus 5.0% (HR 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01-1.78), and mortality was 0.6% for both groups (HR 0.96; 95% CI, 0.14-6.78). Conclusions The outpatients with treatment of baloxavir have lower hospitalization rates and emergency department visits. Mortality rates were nearly identical between groups, showing no significant difference.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, prolonged nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) reduced the circulation of respiratory pathogens. The effects of NPIs on "immunity debt" in children are unclear, especially after almost three years of NPIs in China.

Eggerthella lenta is an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus and a part of the healthy human intestinal microbial community. E. lenta causes local infections, such as sinusitis, appendicitis, necrotizing fascitis, cutaneous abscesses, and liver abscesses. This case report details an instance of sepsis attributable to Eggerthella lenta bacteremia in a 78-year-old male patient recently diagnosed with Fournier's gangrene. The management strategy included an escalation of antibiotic therapy from piperacillin-tazobactam to meropenem, which successfully resolved the sepsis and eradicated the bacteremia. The patient developed Fournier's gangrene, necessitating surgical intervention, but subsequently experienced septic shock and was diagnosed with an E. lenta infection. The patient underwent surgery with antimicrobial therapy, made a good recovery and was discharged after a 24-day hospital admission.

In early 2025, a patient died in the South of France with confirmed rabies following a dog bite while traveling in Morocco to visit relatives. This report summarizes the patient's clinical course and the subsequent public health investigation.

To evaluate the clinical utility of systematic serological testing in infective endocarditis (IE), determine the prevalence of blood-culture negative IE (BCNIE), and characterize its clinical presentation in our cohort.

Long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) offers an alternative to oral PrEP, with potential benefits for adherence and stigma reduction. We investigated behavioral and psychosocial factors among early CAB-LA adopters in Italy, focusing on mental health, stigma, and prevention practices.

Undernutrition affects nearly half of persons with tuberculosis (PWTB) in India and is a major determinant of poor treatment outcomes and impaired recovery. Randomized evidence on macronutrient supplementation in PWTB remains limited. We evaluated whether an energy-dense nutritional supplement (EDNS) could improve weight gain among undernourished adults with drug-sensitive pulmonary TB.

To assess the joint effects of SARS-CoV-2 viral traits (ACE2 binding, immune escape, and cell entry) and socio-demographic context on viral lineage fitness across countries and to develop predictive models of lineage fitness using these factors.

Measles remains a significant global health threat, with recurrent outbreaks even in regions such as America where the disease had been eliminated. Despite the availability of an effective and freely accessible vaccine, measles remains a global burden especially in children. WHO estimated 107,500 measles-related deaths in 2023, with over 95% occurring in low and middle-income countries reflecting fragile health systems. Uganda has similarly experienced persistent outbreaks since 2023.

We aimed to adapt the implementation of infectious diseases(IDs) and female genital mutilation/cutting(FGM/C) screening, and vaccination recommendations for migrants in two Spanish primary care settings, Catalonia and Almería.

Whipple's disease is a rare systemic infection that may mimic hematologic disorders. We report a case initially misdiagnosed as prefibrotic myelofibrosis based on systemic symptoms and bone marrow findings. Further investigations by PCR confirmed Tropheryma whipplei infection. Antibiotic therapy led to full clinical remission and resolution of bone marrow abnormalities. This case highlights the importance of considering infectious etiologies in patients with constitutional symptoms and bone marrow changes, to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate management.

To quantify national trends in sepsis incidence, mortality, healthcare utilisation, and direct hospital costs in Switzerland from 2019 to 2023 using routine hospital discharge data.

Bacterial meningitis caused by anaerobes, particularly Fusobacterium, is highly unusual. F. necrophorum is the most significant pathogen; however, information regarding F. nucleatum meningitis is extremely scarce. We present a case confirmed by culture, complicated by cavernous sinus thrombosis.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an increasingly threatening global pathogen with high rates of antibiotic resistance and no licensed vaccines available. Despite its worldwide importance, little is known about the human adaptive immune response to K. pneumoniae infection.