This study examined whether individual differences in estradiol and sleep predict autonomic and cognitive responses to social-evaluative stress in healthy young women.

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) synthesize evidence to recommend which measures should or should not be taken in specific medical situations and thereby inform and shape the practice of medicine. In the context of an ageing population, monitoring has become an increasingly resource-intensive practice, underscoring the need for clear, evidence-based guidance. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the level of detail as well as the level of evidence of recommendations on monitoring for 10 common chronic diseases in CPGs from the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF), the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and European medical societies.

Social determinants of health (SDOH) contribute significantly to geographical variations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in the USA. We aimed to develop and evaluate a SDOH-related social cardiovascular mortality index (SCMI) as a population-level tool for public health surveillance and planning to identify US counties at risk of high CVD mortality. We also sought to identify the leading SDOH-related variables associated with CVD mortality across US counties.

Emerging evidence highlights that diet dynamically shapes the gut microbiome, which in turn influences cognitive function through bidirectional gut-brain communication, offering a promising target for mitigating cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. While the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a well-established dietary pattern with demonstrated neuroprotective benefits, the interplay between MedDiet adherence, gut microbiota, and longitudinal cognitive trajectories remains poorly understood. We aimed to identify a gut microbial signature of the MedDiet adherence and prospectively examine the associations of MedDiet adherence and MedDiet gut microbial signature (MedDiet-GMS) with cognitive changes over time in older adults at high risk of cognitive decline.

Engaging in regular physical activity and obtaining recommended amounts of sleep are touted as strategies to promote healthy brain aging. However, as each day is only 24 h long, changing time spent in one activity must come at the expense or gain of another, making it necessary to understand how the whole 24-h activity composition is associated with dementia risk. We investigated the effect of substituting sleep duration for different levels of physical activity (i.e., inactivity, light activity, and moderate to vigorous physical activity; MVPA) in short sleepers (< 6 h) and normal sleepers (≥ 6 h and ≤ 9 h).

Switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) complex mutations have been reported in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the influence on immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) outcomes is debated and needs to be investigated further.

Antiretroviral therapy has extended the life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH), leading to a rapidly expanding ageing population of PWH worldwide, including in low- and middle-income countries. The interaction between ageing and chronic HIV infection is closely associated with immunosenescence, and PWH are widely regarded as a model of accelerated immune ageing. Immunosenescence, characterized by a progressive decline in immune function and increased susceptibility to infections, contributes to a higher burden of age-related comorbidities and cancers, posing a major long-term health challenge for this population.

Digital technologies are crucial to drive the needed improvement in NHS primary care delivery and access. The impact of these digital interventions on health inequalities remains a critical area of concern and uncertainty. Transition to digital primary care services was rapidly accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored what can be learnt from this transition to digital access by examining the patterns of remote general practice consultation before and after the pandemic and the influence of age, gender, social deprivation, and ethnicity on these patterns.

Pentadecanoic acid (PEA), an odd-chain fatty acid derived from diet by the gut microbiome, has garnered increasing attention for its systemic health-promoting properties. Its potential role in bladder cancer (BC) occurrence and invasion, however, remains unclear.

This study aimed to explore associations between the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet and the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and arrhythmias, together with comparing to three other pre-existing diet quality indices.

Health authorities, such as the European Medicines Agency (EMA), inspect clinical sites performing clinical trials and occasionally find evidence of substantial departures from Good Clinical Practice (GCP). However, if the findings are not transposed in the medical literature, publication of those trials may convey inaccurate messages.

Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, is ubiquitous in the environment. Little is known about radon's impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to evaluate the association between residential radon exposure and incident myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke.

Epigenetic clocks have been extensively investigated in individuals of European ancestry and may be suboptimal in East Asians. We developed a novel epigenetic clock (KoMethylNet) using neural network analysis of DNA methylation (DNAm) data from the Korean population to predict chronological ages.

Antiemetics are commonly prescribed for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP), affecting up to 80% of pregnant women. However, data on their long-term neurodevelopmental effects are limited. We therefore aimed to assess the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders and delays in children exposed to antiemetics commonly prescribed during pregnancy.

Birth outcomes are linked to postnatal metabolic adaptation and long-term health, but their associations with neonatal metabolite profiles remain poorly understood. This study aimed to delineate the associations of key birth outcomes with a panel of 11 amino acids and 27 acylcarnitines in a large-scale newborn population.

Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by dysregulated eating behaviors and impaired cognitive-emotional control. Despite increasing recognition of brain network dysfunction in BN, the interplay between structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC), termed SC-FC coupling, remains poorly understood. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize SC-FC coupling alterations in BN using multimodal neuroimaging and to evaluate the predictive value for disordered eating behaviors.

Whether both high and low BMI are risk factors for mental illnesses is unclear, especially serious mental illnesses. Experimental evidence suggests that metabolic pathways might mediate the association, but this is uncertain. To examine associations between BMI and the first-onset of diagnosed mental illnesses with assessment for mediating effects of cardiometabolic disorders.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are frequently co-prescribed with opioids, increasing the risk of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions. Hydrocodone, a commonly prescribed opioid metabolized by cytochrome (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A4, may be affected by enzyme inhibition from certain SSRIs. However, it remains unclear whether all SSRIs pose equal overdose risk or if some may be safer options for patients requiring both medications. Thus, we aimed to evaluate comparative risks of opioid overdose among patients initiating SSRIs while on hydrocodone.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a life-threatening cerebrovascular emergency. We built and validated a machine learning model integrating clinical and inflammatory indicators for early risk prediction.

Obesity is a leading risk factor for avoidable ill health. Effective interventions that can be delivered at scale are needed to support people living with excess weight to lose weight.

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated exposure to trauma and demands for healthcare workers (HCWs), which are known risks for heavy alcohol use and common mental disorders (CMD). We investigated the longitudinal associations between alcohol use and wider stressors with symptoms of CMD among HCWs.