Diarrhea remains a major health concern in children under five years, with enteric pathogens being key contributors. However, the interactions among these pathogens and their combined effects on disease severity are not well understood. The study investigates the interactions among co-infecting enteric pathogens on diarrhea pathogenesis within an epidemiological framework.

The interconnectedness of human society in this modern world can transform localised outbreaks into global pandemics, underscoring the pivotal roles of social, mobility and contact networks in shaping infectious disease dynamics. Although these networks share analogous contagion principles, they are often studied in isolation, hindering the incorporation of behavioural, informational, and epidemiological processes into disease models. This review synthesises current research on the interplay between social, mobility and contact networks in health behaviour contagion and infectious disease transmission.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, and China bearing the world's third-highest burden. TB healthcare workers (TB-HCWs) in primary healthcare (PHC) settings are pivotal for implementing the national TB Control Program (TCP). This study aimed to develop a TB knowledge assessment questionnaire and systematically evaluate TB-HCWs' knowledge, practices, and perceived concerns regarding TCP implementation in western China.

Patient journeys highlight evolving processes of care seeking from patient perspectives over the course of time and disease progression. Patient journeys for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in rural sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are poorly understood. This review aims to identify studies including patient journeys for NTDs in rural SSA.

Cervical cancer driven by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection remains a critical global health challenge. Co-infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, a prevalent sexually transmitted protozoan, is strongly associated with increased susceptibility to HPV, yet the molecular basis for this synergy is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of T. vaginalis adhesion protein 65 (TvAP65) in HPV entry, focusing on its interaction with host factors in epithelium.

The One Health approach recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health to address global health threats. While the global One Health Index (GOHI) has been applied nationally, its adaptation to sub-national contexts remains unexplored. This study aimed to adapt GOHI to construct localized indicators for Fukuoka, Japan, and assess One Health implementation across municipalities.

Childhood infectious diseases and related symptoms, such as fever, cough, and diarrhea among children constitute the leading cause of death in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). We examined the environmental predictors of double and triple burden (D/TB) of infection symptoms among under-five children using multilevel machine learning (ML) methods.

In February 2025, a fatal outbreak of a hemorrhagic fever-like illness emerged in the Basankusu Health Zone of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a region where the burdens of poverty and infectious disease intersect. Initial field diagnostics for common filoviruses like Ebola and Marburg returned negative, creating a critical diagnostic void and confronting local health systems with a potential "Disease X." This opinion piece analyzes the outbreak's unique clinical and ecological context to advance a specific, actionable hypothesis.

COVID-19 occurred in successive waves driven by different SARS-CoV-2 variants and shaped by vaccine availability and public health measures. This study analyzes differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients across three waves in Brazil.

Malaria incidence in the Lao People's Democratic Republic has declined over the past 10 years. There is a continued risk of outbreaks, particularly in the Southern region, due to high-risk behaviors, primarily in remote ethnic communities among forest goers (individuals who regularly work or sleep in the forest), farmers on forest fringes, and vulnerable populations in these highly receptive areas. Conventional malaria control interventions alone in these areas are insufficient to push elimination beyond "the last mile". In 2022, an innovative approach to accelerate malaria elimination, termed locally as "Accelerator Strategies" was implemented. Activities included targeted drug administration and intermittent preventive treatment for forest goers and mobile populations, specifically farmers on forest fringes, as chemoprevention among individuals at increased risk of malaria irrespective of infectious status. Community engagement approaches were essential to ensure participation and acceptance as the intervention requires individuals without symptoms to take medicine. Three key enablers for community participation were identified as: (1) Service delivery and community engagement by the community members themselves; (2) Strong advocacy and political commitment from senior local political leaders, and village authorities and influencers and (3) Delivering people-centered services beyond the village with granular local data on risk behaviors, population movement and geographic information system mapping. Early and sustained community engagement resulted in high coverage of the interventions and greater acceptance by the community that resulted in a decreased malaria burden.

Schistosomiasis was first reported in the People's Republic of China (P.R. China) 120 years ago. The national programme of schistosomiasis control started in mid-1950s. The transmission interruption was achieved by 2023. Here we summarize the experience as the five core parts of a running chariot. While the specific historical context of P.R. China's way of schistosomiasis control may be difficult to replicate, the experiences gained underscore several critical principles that might be applicable elsewhere.

India accounts for over a quarter of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden. Among the most affected are India's Scheduled Tribes (STs) communities, experiencing a disproportionately higher TB prevalence compared to non-STs. Encouragingly, two successive rounds of National Family Health Survey (NFHS) showed the declined trend in overall TB prevalence in India, the rate of decline was markedly slower among STs, signalling that national gains have not translated into equitable progress. This study examines the point prevalence of TB and its determinants among STs and non-STs populations in constitutionally protected Scheduled and Non-Scheduled areas of India.

Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is an unusual manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, accounting for only 1.0%-1.5% of cases. It presents with a wide range of clinical morphologies, often mimicking other dermatoses such as fungal infections, leprosy, or sarcoidosis. Among its different variants, the ulcerative form is particularly rare and clinically deceptive. Reporting rare presentation is important to raise awareness among physicians, as early recognition and prompt treatment are essential to prevent complications such as scarring, contractures, or malignant transformation.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) poses a significant public health concern in China. However, the spatiotemporal patterns and underlying drivers of its transmission are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate spatiotemporal heterogeneity of HFRS incidence at the city level and explore its potential influencing factors.

Dengue fever remains a major global public health challenge, with increasing incidence and burden over recent decades. Global warming, urbanization, and increased international travel have fueled the global spread of dengue. Despite escalating global concern, recent and consistent estimates of the global dengue burden remain limited. This study aimed to quantify the shifting trends of dengue fever.

Following the onset of an index chikungunya case on July 8, 2025, a significant outbreak occurred in Foshan, Guangdong Province, China. This study aimed to quantify the outbreak's transmissibility between June 16 and July 21, 2025.

Sub-Saharan African (SSA) migrants may carry asymptomatic Plasmodium infections after leaving endemic regions, potentially posing public health challenges in host countries. However, data on the prevalence and persistence of infection after migration are currently limited. The objective of this study is to assess the burden of asymptomatic malaria among adult SSA migrants attending an outpatient clinic in Rome.

Since July 2025, an outbreak of mosquito-borne chikungunya fever has occurred in Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China. This was the second large-scale local outbreak in China after the one that occurred in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, in 2010. As of 23 August, more than 10,000 human cases had been reported. This study aims to investigate mosquito infection and viral genomic characteristics during the Foshan outbreak.

Thailand aims to eliminate malaria in all provinces by 2030, where 37 out of 77 provinces have been verified as malaria-free by 2021. Thailand is accelerating its elimination activities and preventing re-establishment of malaria through implementation of the 1-3-7 reactive surveillance and response (RASR) strategy, which entails case notification within one day, case investigation within three days and case investigation survey within seven days after detecting an index malaria case. This study aimed to assess how this 1-3-7 malaria RASR strategy was implemented to understand how it may be optimised to achieve national malaria elimination goals.

Schistosomiasis japonica, caused by Schistosoma japonicum, remains a significant public health concern in the Philippines, where 12.4 million people are at risk due to persistent transmission in endemic regions. The distribution of schistosomiasis is closely linked to the distribution of its snail intermediate host. This study aims to assess the potential of using soil samples to detect the environmental presence of Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi and Schistosoma japonicum.