Black and Hispanic cancer survivors exposed to cardiotoxic therapies are at higher risk for cardiovascular events than non-Hispanic White survivors, attributed to greater cardiovascular risk factors and lower physical activity.

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of connective tissue tumors that can occur at any anatomical site. This includes the heart and great vessels, where angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, intimal sarcoma, and undifferentiated sarcomas are the dominant histologic subtypes. These presentations are as complex as treatment planning, which often requires a multimodality approach. For these tumors, as well as sarcomas in other sites, multiple treatments carry risks of cardiotoxicity. Crucially, treatment universally includes high cumulative doses of anthracyclines, requiring risk modification using dexrazoxane, infusional administration, or liposomal formulations. Furthermore, multiple other therapies for sarcoma are associated with cardiovascular side effects. This review highlights the unique aspects of care for cardiac sarcomas, cardiovascular considerations of systemic agents used to treat sarcoma, the pediatric sarcoma population, and how cardiac surveillance of sarcoma patients can be approached.

Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma B-type (BRAF) and MEK inhibitors have revolutionized outcomes for patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma. However, they are associated with cardiovascular adverse effects. The real-world incidence and risk factors for these effects are poorly described.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer remain the leading causes of mortality in the United States, where poor diet has surpassed smoking as the leading risk factor for death, and life expectancy has hit a plateau as CVD mortality has stagnated over the past decade. Although the pathophysiology of CVD and cancer is complex and multifactorial, lifestyle factors including diet often contribute significantly to their pathogenesis. There is a wealth of observational data as well as emerging trial data supporting the benefits of a predominantly whole-food plant-based diet in the prevention of CVD and cancer. However, there is a need for implementation science to effectuate existing knowledge. Given the shortcomings of the standard American diet, characterized by excessive intake of red meat and ultraprocessed foods, while deficient in fiber and phytonutrients, it will be necessary to shift default patterns of eating to make healthy choices the path of least resistance.

Osimertinib, an oral epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used to treat patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. Although osimertinib has been linked to heart failure (HF), detailed risk estimates remain unclear.

Detection of monoclonal components (MCs) using serum and urine immunofixation (IFE) and free light chain measurement is a critical early step in diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis. Patients with MCs are referred for biopsy-based diagnostic work-up. New reference ranges for the free light chain ratio (FLCR), adjusted for age and estimated glomerular filtration rate, have been proposed.

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma is a highly curable lymphoma that affects primarily younger patients. The therapeutic landscape has evolved and generally consists of varying combinations of chemotherapy and immunotherapy as well as radiation in selected cases. Although most patients are cured of their lymphoma, there is a risk for late treatment-related cardiotoxicity that affects long-term survival and quality of life in this population. Careful consideration of baseline cardiac function and risk factors should be undertaken prior to proceeding with anthracycline-based therapies or thoracic radiation, as adjuvant cardiac-focused efforts may serve to mitigate the risk for cardiovascular dysfunction in this population. This review outlines the evidence supporting current recommendations for assessing baseline cardiotoxicity risk, implementing risk reduction strategies and treatment modifications, the role of multidisciplinary evaluation in high-risk patients, and strategies for long-term cardiac monitoring to minimize treatment-related cardiac morbidity and mortality.

Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) is a unique type of cardiomyopathy that limits the clinical use of anthracyclines in cancer therapy. Although several cardiomyopathy-related pathways have been identified, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, pathway-specific interventions for AIC remain unclear.