Polycystic ovary syndrome is a prevalent endocrine disorder associated with metabolic dysfunction, impaired ovarian function, and infertility. Irisin is a myokine released by skeletal muscle during exercise that has recently been identified as having potential connections to lifestyle interventions and reproductive outcomes. Current evidence suggests that irisin may influence insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress, all of which are involved in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Emerging data also indicate that irisin may affect the ovarian microenvironment and oocyte quality, providing novel insights into the mechanistic link between metabolism and fertility. This review evaluates recent research findings on the role of irisin in metabolic dysfunction and reproductive health in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, explores the potential of irisin as both a biomarker and therapeutic target, and aims to provide more precise strategies for treating polycystic ovary syndrome-related infertility.

To investigate short-term post-camp glycemic deterioration in youth with T1D using sensor-augmented or automated insulin delivery systems and to identify contributing factors.

To define the optimal 1-h PG cutoff values for intermediate hyperglycemia (IH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Chinese population.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Although hyperglycemia and hypertension are well-established drivers of DKD, accumulating evidence suggests that additional factors, such as lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], may contribute to its pathogenesis. Lp(a) is a genetically determined lipoprotein with pro-atherogenic, pro-inflammatory, and pro-thrombotic properties, and elevated circulating levels have been associated with increased cardiovascular and renal risk in diabetic individuals. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the relationship between Lp(a) and DKD, with a focus on the proposed molecular mechanisms. These include activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling leading to fibrosis, induction of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, impaired fibrinolysis, and direct injury to podocytes resulting in proteinuria. While several clinical and experimental studies support the involvement of Lp(a) in these pathways, the precise molecular mediators remain largely undefined. Understanding these mechanisms may offer novel insights into the pathophysiology of DKD and identify new therapeutic targets. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential role of Lp(a) in DKD and to highlight areas requiring further investigation.

To identify whether genetic predisposition to obesity influences the weight loss effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Diabetic foot ulcers can progress to diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO). Intravenous (IV) antibiotics are traditionally the standard treatment for DFO, but it might reduce quality of life, increase adverse events and costs. Our objective was to examine the potential advantages and disadvantages of antibiotic administration routes for DFO to support a future patient decision aid tool. We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological framework to map evidence on antibiotic administration routes for DFO using the quintuple aim for quality of care. Records from databases, reference lists, and grey literature were deduplication in EndNote, screened in Rayyan, and assessed independently by two interdisciplinary reviewers. Of 6814, 25 studies were included, all quantitative and mainly retrospective observational (76%). The majority (68%) included adult patients with diabetic foot infection or DFO. Oral and IV antibiotics demonstrated comparable clinical outcomes across studies. Data on patient-reported outcomes and experience, team management, equity factors, and standardized definitions of clinical endpoints were largely scarce across studies. Current data suggest that oral antibiotic therapy may be a safe and effective alternative to IV therapy in selected patients with DFO, though substantial evidence gaps remain beyond infection management.

This study aims to assess the burden of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) among adults aged 40-64 years and to project future trends.

We evaluated continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived metrics for predicting gestational diabetes (GDM).

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remain a major cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and lower-limb amputation among individuals with diabetes, despite advancements in conventional wound care. Increasing evidence highlights the therapeutic potential of stem cell-based and growth factor-based interventions in correcting impaired angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, and defective extracellular matrix remodeling characteristic of diabetic wounds. This review synthesizes current mechanistic and clinical insights into mesenchymal stem cells, mononuclear cells, pluripotent stem cells, and key growth factors-including EGF, PDGF, VEGF, and PRP-and evaluates their comparative efficacy based on recent randomized trials and network meta-analyses. Findings demonstrate significant improvements in ulcer healing, perfusion indices, and amputation reduction in selected modalities; however, clinical translation remains limited by small sample sizes, methodological heterogeneity, variable delivery techniques, and short-term follow-up. Emerging approaches such as exosome therapy, bioengineered matrices, and combined biologic platforms represent promising future directions. This review underscores the need for standardized protocols and robust multicenter trials to integrate regenerative therapies effectively into DFU management.

To compare glycemic variability and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived metrics before and during Ramadan fasting among adults with type 2 diabetes and cirrhosis.

Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and early vascular aging (EVA; higher arterial stiffness) are at increased risk for vascular complications and all-cause mortality. Because insulin resistance (IR) may promote arterial stiffness, we investigated this association and its potential to discriminate EVA.

To determine whether healthcare visits within one year after diabetes identification lower 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk compared with no visits.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a culturally adapted lifestyle intervention in prediabetes remission to normoglycemia and reducing diabetes progression.

This study aims to estimate the burden of early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attributable to modifiable risk factors (MRFs) in the Americas from 1990 to 2050.

Māori and Pacific adults in New Zealand (NZ) with type 2 diabetes are at high risk of Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). This study assessed whether the same was true in young-onset type 2 diabetes.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is usually diagnosed between 24-28 weeks (late GDM, LGDM). When diagnosed before 20 weeks, it is termed early GDM (EGDM). This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of EGDM compared to LGDM in Asian Indian women.

Carbohydrate counting is a daily challenge for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). While dedicated apps exist, some patients now use general-purpose AI tools, though their accuracy is uncertain. We evaluated the performance of ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude compared with expert dietitians.

To evaluate the predictive value of A Body Shape Index (ABSI) for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and subsequent all-cause mortality.