Gynoid fat (hip-thigh subcutaneous adiposity) is metabolically favorable, yet its genetic architecture and impact on liver diseases are unknown. We aimed to identify genetic determinants of gynoid tissue fat percentage (GTFP) and explore their clinical implications to liver disease.

In 2023, the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) issued new safety information on oral fish oil (FO) pharmacotherapy. This information indicated a dose-related increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) with FO in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study is to analyse the existing evidence on this risk and establish whether it can be extrapolated to FO-enriched intravenous lipid emulsions (FO-ILEs) or to other patient groups, such as critically ill patients with organ dysfunction.

Frailty and sarcopenia are associated with morbidity and mortality in older patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the association of frailty with skeletal muscle index (SMI) and muscle attenuation (MA) on preoperative CT-scans in older patients with pancreatic cancer.

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are widely used in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and identifying risk factors for PICC-related complications is essential to improve patient outcomes. This study aims to develop artificial intelligence (AI)-based survival analysis and machine learning models to predict PICC complications and identify significant risk factors.

Dementia, a growing global health challenge, is frequently associated with malnutrition. The phase angle (PhA), derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis, is often clinically associated with composite changes related to the nutritional status. As a reduction in PhA shares common underlying mechanisms with the characteristic pathophysiological changes in dementia, its clinical utility as a surrogate marker for dementia has been proposed; however, this role remains uncertain. We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the evidence for PhA as a disease-related clinical marker in people with dementia (PwD).

Fruits and sugar-sweetened beverages have opposing effects on cardiometabolic health, despite comparable amounts of fructose per serving. Here, we sought evidence for a role of the food matrix in modifying serum fructose dynamics and blood pressure.

Early screening and identification of high-risk factors for refeeding syndrome (RFS) and targeted nursing measures are important to ensure the safety of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). This study aimed to develop and validate a reliable and effective nomogram for identifying adults with critical illness at high risk for RFS.

In old adult patients with sarcopenia hospitalized for rehabilitation, the superior clinical benefit of a muscle-targeted formula (MTF; whey protein-based enriched with leucine and vitamin D) over an iso-caloric protein-free one was assessed through the IRIS trial (NCT03120026). The aim of this study is to further evaluate the economic benefit in the Italian context.

Reduced brain vascular function contributes to age-related cognitive decline. While peanut consumption may improve cognitive performance, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the longer-term effects of skin-roasted peanut consumption on brain vascular function and cognitive performance in older adults.

Disagreement between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technologies in measuring resistance (R), reactance (Xc), and phase angle (PhA) is well documented and mainly due to device-specific features. Whether such a variability translates into differences in body composition estimates remains uncertain. This study evaluated agreement in fat-free mass (FFM) estimates from different BIA technologies against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), while accounting for the role of predictive equations. Additionally, agreement of BIA-based fat mass (FM), indirectly calculated from FFM, was assessed.

One potential adverse effect of protein loading in critically ill patients is elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations. Along with kidney function, we hypothesized that muscle volume also affects the BUN trajectory with protein administration.

Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 plays pivotal roles in pathophysiology and is linked to anorexia, wasting conditions, and adverse outcomes. However, its clinical implementation as a biomarker among cirrhosis remains enigmatic; thus, we explored the relationships between serum GDF-15 and diverse endpoints, including nutritional status, all-cause mortality, and health deficit.

Diabetes mellitus is a systemic chronic disease with growing prevalence and potential multiorgan complications leading to clinical, social, and economic burdens. Nutritional and metabolic derangements are important components of both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but assessment of nutritional state, body composition and muscle function is commonly neglected. Likely reasons include high prevalence of overweight, obesity, or excess visceral fat in highly-prevalent T2DM, potentially diverting attention from undernutrition risk. Diabetes and adiposity are mechanistically related to sarcopenia, defined as reduction of skeletal muscle strength and mass, through complex muscle-catabolic derangements, conferring additional risk for negative outcomes. Awareness of diabetes-induced muscle abnormalities remains low among healthcare professionals, patients and policymakers, contributing to research, knowledge and practice gaps. Lifestyle recommendations and treatments centered on nutritional care and physical activity to preserve and improve muscle mass and function remain poorly implemented. The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the Diabetes Nutrition Study Group (DNSG), reference group for the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, recognize sarcopenic diabetes as a distinct clinical condition and priority for research and education, and call for action to enhance awareness, stimulate research and promote consensus on sarcopenic diabetes diagnostic criteria, prevention and management.

This qualitative study aims to provide a sociological assessment of the spontaneous and lived experiences of patients on enteral nutrition, as expressed through testimonies on public internet forums (general health forums and specialized health forums).

Obesity is a major global health challenge associated with increased risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although calorie restriction and exercise are cornerstone strategies for weight management, long-term adherence remains difficult in real-world settings. This randomised controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured calorie-restricted dietary therapy package combined with exercise in achieving weight loss and improving metabolic and psychological outcomes among obese adults.

The aging population in the U.S. faces increased cardiometabolic risk, reducing healthspan and increasing public health burden. These vulnerabilities may be compounded by ultra-processed food (UPF). No feeding trial has evaluated UPF reduction in older adults within the framework of Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). This study addressed the gap using representative omnivorous and lacto-ovo vegetarian patterns.

Dairy derived saturated and trans fatty acids may contribute to inverse associations of dairy intake with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. Longitudinal studies examining this association are limited. This study investigated longitudinal associations of 15:0, trans-16:1n9, trans-18:1n11, and c9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in four serum fractions with insulin sensitivity, beta cell function and glucose concentrations.

Inosine has been investigated as a dietary supplement for athlete performance, inflammation, and neurological disease. A recent study in a hypercholesterolemic rat model has shown its potential for treating atherosclerosis.

Continuous intravenous stable isotope infusion approaches underestimate the anabolic response to a protein meal. Pulse tracer approaches can estimate the intracellular appearance of many amino acids simultaneously. We now combined the pulse tracer approach with intake of a mixture of essential (EAA) or a combination of EAA and non-essential amino acids (TAA) to better estimate the anabolic response.