Addressing the opioid crisis requires opioid use disorder (OUD) prevalence estimates at the community level for targeted interventions. This study presents a new method that utilizes Medicaid claims data and publicly available data to estimate OUD prevalence at the United States (US) county level and compares it with other existing estimates.

Opioid addiction poses a significant challenge to both the health of mothers and the outcomes for their newborns. Treatments based on buprenorphine offer a proven strategy for addressing opioid dependence among pregnant women. Various studies have examined the effectiveness of buprenorphine treatments versus methadone, revealing several potential advantages of buprenorphine for the outcomes of newborns. This systematic review sought to clarify the benefits and risks associated with buprenorphine therapy.

Opioid use disorder (OUD), cannabis use disorder (CUD) and cocaine use disorder have been associated with a range of adverse health outcomes, including certain ocular manifestations; however, their impact on diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to measure the association between OUD, CUD and cocaine use disorder and the risk of DR among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

This study sought to validate a community-acceptable Substance Use & Sex Index (SUSI) for use in substance use intervention research. SUSI aims to measure behaviours associated with the transmission of blood-borne viruses (BBV) and sexually transmitted infections (STI) among people who use substances and incorporate contemporary sexual and drug practices.

In the United States (US), Tobacco 21 (T21) laws set the minimum legal sale age for all tobacco products to 21 years. This study aimed to examine whether e-cigarette-inclusive T21 laws were associated with e-cigarette use behaviors and related disparities among US adolescents.

This study examined whether socio-economic status (SES) and geographic remoteness are associated with cannabis consumption across Australia by comparing wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) data and self-reported cannabis use in national household surveys.

The current study measured the extent to which different neurobehavioral indices of incentive-motivational salience attribution to alcohol cues predict alcohol craving and consumption in the natural environment.

Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is associated with significant impairments in impulsivity control, contributing to relapse and poor treatment outcomes. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) may be helpful in modulating these symptoms. This study aimed at [1] investigating the differential effects of anodal and cathodal tDCS on craving, affective impulsivity, and motor impulsivity; and [2] exploring the correlations between changes in affective impulsivity & drug craving, and alterations in resting-state electroencephalography (Rs-EEG) microstate parameters following tDCS interventions.

Food addiction is a dysfunctional chronic psychological disease. Family environment, a modifiable factor, has demonstrated considerable contribution to food addiction. Our objective was to analyze the relationship between family environment and food addiction.

Although buprenorphine-based opioid agonist maintenance treatment (OAMT) is effective, logistical, economic and stigma-related barriers limit access. Telemedicine-Assisted Buprenorphine Induction (TABI) may address these barriers. This study evaluated the non-inferiority of TABI compared with the Standard of Care (SoC) for buprenorphine induction.

Evidence for motivational interviewing for smoking cessation is weak, with limited data on long-term abstinence rates. This trial aimed to evaluate the effect of in-hospital motivational interviewing-based smoking cessation counselling combined with proactive referral to community-based follow-up on 6- and 12-month continuous smoking abstinence in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease.

To determine whether alcohol consumption in England had returned to pre-pandemic levels by December 2024, after the initial rise in 2020 across the total population and subgroups.

To test the efficacy of a participant-referred "study buddy" intervention compared with standard retention strategies in retaining rural people who use drugs (PWUD) in longitudinal research.

Female, Hispanic, and Black patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) are less likely to receive OUD medication treatment than other patients. The PROUD (PRimary care Opioid Use Disorders treatment) trial demonstrated that implementation of primary care (PC) nurse care management increases OUD medication treatment compared with usual care (UC). This study assessed whether the PROUD intervention's effect differed across sex, race and ethnicity.

Canada's 2018 legalization of non-medical cannabis was positioned as a public health initiative, intended to shift cannabis use from criminalization to regulation. Since then, cannabis access and consumption have grown significantly but the systems used to monitor cannabis-related harms have not kept pace. Most national surveys remain focused on patterns of use rather than indicators of harm. Cannabis use disorder (CUD), a clinical condition with well-established diagnostic criteria, remains rarely measured, often misclassified, and largely absent from policy discussions.

People who use drugs are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. We aimed to provide a broad synthesis of the epidemiology, harms and interventions related to drug use and drug use disorders among incarcerated adults worldwide, and highlight gaps in evidence and practice.

To evaluate changes in community consumption and wholesales of alcohol before and after alcohol restrictions were implemented in 2023, aimed at reducing alcohol-related crime and violence.