Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most lethal form of high-grade glioma, with current therapeutic options proving largely ineffective. Consequently, there is an urgent need for novel treatment strategies. Recent studies have indicated that the medicinal leech exhibits notable anticancer properties. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be elucidated.

To characterize white matter geometric pathology in cerebellar subtype of multiple system atrophy (MSA-C) using director field analysis (DFA) and identify stage-specific biomarkers.

The exact causes of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still debated, but its connection with inflammatory diseases and stress is well established. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between periodontitis (gum disease) and MDD.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder lacking disease-modifying therapies. This study aimed to systematically investigate the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of Alpinetin in PD.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant heterogeneity in clinical symptoms and underlying neurobiology. This study aimed to identify distinct ASD biotypes and uncover their neurobiological underpinnings using a novel graph-based subtyping approach.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is an initial event of the cascade reactions triggered by ischemic stroke, contributing to the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), a compound originally isolated from the seeds of Apium graveolens Linn, exerts neuroprotective effects by improving mitochondrial function in ischemic brain tissues; however, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying its action remain poorly understood.

Naringin, a flavanone glycoside (naringenin 7-O-neohesperidose), exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities, including neuroprotection. However, its effects on autistic-like behavior have not been extensively studied.

Post-stroke depression represents a prevalent neuropsychiatric complication following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), yet its underlying mechanisms remain less understood compared to ischemic stroke.

Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) affects nearly one-third of patients and remains a major unmet clinical need, despite advances in anti-seizure medications (ASMs). Carbogen, a low-concentration carbon dioxide (CO) and oxygen (O) gas mixture, has reemerged as a physiology-based therapy owing to renewed insights into pH-sensitive seizure mechanisms.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. However, its diagnosis and effective treatment present challenges. Understanding neurotransmitter impairments may offer new perspectives into the mechanisms underlying ASD and the potential therapeutic targets for this condition. This study aimed to investigate the spatial associations of ASD-related brain activity patterns and multiple specific neurotransmitter distributions to identify abnormal neurotransmitter alterations in patients with ASD, and to assess how these spatial associations relate to clinical features.

Effective remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) requires both the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) and their lineage-specific differentiation into oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). This study aimed to investigate whether electroacupuncture (EA) promoted NSC proliferation and OPC differentiation via β-endorphin (β-EP)-mediated opioid signaling in a murine model of MS.

Altered cerebral perfusion has been implicated in the development of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), yet the specific influence of hemodynamic features in proximal arteries on WMH burden remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between arterial flow characteristics and WMH severity.

Astrocytes within the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) critically regulate respiratory rhythmogenesis and pattern formation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their contributions remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate whether connexin 43 (Cx43) channels, a prominent subtype of connexin proteins expressed in preBötC astrocytes, are essential for stabilizing breathing patterns.

The limitations of current clinical antidepressants and the slow progress in developing novel treatments highlight the need for rapid-acting, long-lasting antidepressants with minimal side effects. Nomilin, a naturally occurring limonoid compound, exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. However, its potential antidepressant effects remain largely unclear.

Compared with healthy individuals, epilepsy patients are more prone to arrhythmias, which may contribute to poor prognosis. To enable early identification of this risk, we developed a clinical prognostic prediction model to assess the risk of arrhythmia comorbidity in epilepsy patients, thereby facilitating timely clinical intervention to improve patient outcomes.

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major consequence of ischemic stroke, leading to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. Recent studies suggest that tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), a natural compound, may have neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate THC's neuroprotective effects in cerebral I/R injury and explore its potential mechanisms.

The AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway serves as a central regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, coordinating metabolic stress responses, epigenetic modifications, and transcriptional programs. Its dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of complex modern diseases, spanning neurodegeneration, metabolic syndromes, and chronic inflammatory conditions. This review examines the pathway's role as an integrative hub and its potential as a therapeutic target.

Growing evidence implicates dysfunctional myelin in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Connexin 47 (Cx47), an oligodendrocytic gap junction protein, maintains myelin integrity. This study investigates the role of Cx47 in myelin impairment and seizure progression in TLE.

High blood glucose is a well-established risk factor for poor outcomes in ischemic stroke. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking high blood glucose to worsened stroke outcomes remain unclear.

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a leading cause of drug-resistant epilepsy, characterized by cortical malformations and aberrant neuronal-glial interactions. Recently, the role of Liver X Receptor Beta (LXRβ) in neurodevelopment has attracted considerable attention, although its involvement in FCD pathogenesis remains unclear.