This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the long-term efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) as adjunctive therapies for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and overweight or obesity.

An innovative insulin resistance (IR)-related index of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose (CHG) has been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but there is limited evidence for the effect of a long-term pattern of CHG on CVD and all-cause mortality. This study aimed to examine the associations between cumulative CHG and the occurrence of CVD and all-cause mortality.

To comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of liraglutide on metabolic and hepatic outcomes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), based on randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

To estimate the annual prevalence of body mass index (BMI) documentation in UK primary care in 2023 and identify demographic and clinical factors associated with its recording.

To evaluate glycaemic control in adults enrolled in a rural cardiovascular disease prevention trial receiving Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) delivered via telehealth versus usual care.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent liver disease globally and a significant public health challenge posing serious threats to human health. Although a liver biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosing MASLD, its invasiveness, high cost, and associated risks limit its clinical applicability. With the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and imaging technologies, non-invasive biomarkers and machine learning techniques are increasingly being used in the diagnosis of MASLD. This article systematically reviews the latest developments in non-invasive diagnostic technologies for MASLD, focusing on four major areas: serological, imaging, multi-omics, and AI-driven diagnostic models. This study aims to provide evidence-based insights for precise clinical diagnosis, ultimately facilitating early warning, dynamic monitoring, and individualized management of MASLD.

This study aims to clarify the effect of VR as an additional method to common treatments for weight management in adults using a systematic review and meta-analytic design.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) carries residual thromboembolic and cardiovascular risk despite oral anticoagulation (OAC). The stress hyperglycaemia ratio (SHR), derived from admission glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), integrates information on both acute glycaemic fluctuations and chronic glycaemic burden. SHR has been associated with adverse outcomes in high-risk populations, but its utility in stratifying residual risk in anticoagulated AF patients remains uncertain. This study evaluated SHR as a marker of thromboembolic and cardiovascular risk in this setting.

Ramadan fasting poses challenges for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to increased risks of hypoglycemia and metabolic fluctuations. Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, has shown marked efficacy in glycemic control and weight reduction. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of tirzepatide among Bangladeshi patients with T2DM during Ramadan fasting.

To evaluate treatment-emergent antidrug antibodies (TE ADA) in once-weekly basal insulin efsitora-treated participants with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) from 5 phase 3 clinical trials and their potential impact on pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety.

Midlife obesity is a known risk factor for cognitive impairment, whereas its association in late life is complex, giving rise to the concept of the 'obesity paradox.' The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), an indicator reflecting central obesity, has recently emerged. However, evidence regarding the association between WWI and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults remains scarce. This study explores WWI's association with cognitive decline in older adults, addressing gaps in central obesity's role in neurocognitive health.

Obesity has emerged as a significant public health concern in the US over the past five decades. This study analyses obesity mortality trends from 1968 to 2021, focusing on disparities across age, sex, race, and geographic regions. This population-based descriptive study used national mortality data from the CDC WONDER. Obesity deaths among individuals aged ≥25 years, recorded as the underlying cause, were identified using ICD codes from 1968 to 2021. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100 000 individuals were calculated. Temporal trends were analysed using Joinpoint regression. From 1968 to 2021, 174 625 obesity deaths were recorded. AAMRs increased from 1.15 (95% CI: 1.09-1.22) in 1968 to 3.39 (95% CI: 3.31-3.46) in 2019; AAMR rates increased from 3.39 (95% CI: 3.31-3.46) in 2019 to 4.54 (95% CI: 4.45-4.62) in 2021. The decline was noted from 1968 to 1985, followed by an increase until 2019; there was a substantial increase from 2019 to 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Males had higher AAMRs than females during the latter part of the study period. Racial disparities persisted, with Black or African American individuals having higher AAMRs than White individuals during the study period. Between 1999 and 2019, obesity mortality rates ranged from 1.62 (95% CI: 1.44-1.80) in Hawaii to a high of 4.46 (95% CI: 4.21-4.72) in West Virginia. After a decline from 1968 to 1985, obesity AAMRs rose until 2019, and spiked during the pandemic, reaching their highest recorded level in 2021. Disparities persist across sex, race, and geography, warranting targeted public health strategies.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment is increasingly integrated into type 1 diabetes (T1D) monitoring to promote a holistic approach. To investigate HRQoL in adults with T1D and to assess the impact of the severity of complications on HRQoL.

To assess whether periconceptional exposure to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) is associated with adverse outcomes in women with pregestational type 2 diabetes.

PIONEER REAL Saudi Arabia investigated real-world clinical outcomes associated with the use of once-daily oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

This study provides real-world evidence on the comparative effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) regarding the risk of incident dementia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

To comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic equivalence and switching between biosimilar insulins and reference insulins in efficacy, safety and immunogenicity in diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) meal management has long relied on structured carbohydrate counting and rigid bolus timing to achieve optimal glycaemic outcomes. However, these strategies impose a cognitive burden and are difficult to sustain in daily life. This narrative review evaluates how the MiniMed™ 780G Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) system enables revisiting management strategies with simplified and flexible approaches without significantly compromising clinical efficacy.

Metformin has hitherto not been proven superior to other type 2 diabetes (T2D) medications for the prevention of organ complications. The aim of this study is to report baseline data and blinded interim analyses in the register-based randomised clinical trial (RRCT) SMARTEST, which compares metformin and the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in early T2D. We also present learnings from the novel decentralised methodology of this first RRCT in diabetes care.