Introduction Malnutrition leads to negative health outcomes such as delayed recovery, increased hospital stays, and higher costs. The study aimed to develop a predictive tool to diagnose malnutrition using patient data, including anthropometric, phenotypic, and laboratory information. Methods A cohort of 252 adult patients was assessed at a tertiary hospital. Logistic regression and decision tree analysis were applied to evaluate the role of the data in predicting the risk of malnutrition. The performances of the models were tested with Akaike Information Criterion, Null Deviance, Residual Deviance, Accuracy and Kappa metrics and the statistical significance of the variables was evaluated with Wald-Z test. Attribute importance ranking was obtained by Bootstrap Optimized Random Univariate Tree Analysis (BORUTA) algorithm. Results A total of 252 patients, 125 female (49.6%) and 127 male (50.4%), were included in the study. The mean age was 72.57±13.6 years. Malnutrition was diagnosed in 174 patients (69%). According to the equations, the most important characteristics were determined as hand grip strength (HG), weight loss (WL), body mass index (BMI) and gender. The model achieved high accuracy (89.8%) and a Kappa value of 0.79, demonstrating its potential for clinical application. Conclusion Machine learning model offers a faster, more efficient alternative to traditional diagnostic tools. The study concludes that machine learning-based models provide superior prediction performance and could significantly enhance the efficiency and accuracy of malnutrition diagnosis in healthcare.

The following document contains a total of 30 abstracts selected by the Board of Directors of the European Childhood Obesity Group (ECOG) for publication in the Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism in the context of the 34th ECOG annual congress.

The global obesity epidemic necessitates therapies that enhance energy expenditure. Non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) in brown/beige adipose tissue represents a promising target, with fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) emerging as a critical regulator linking environmental stimuli to adipose plasticity and mitochondrial function. However, the precise mechanisms of FGF21 secretion and its specific role in adipose tissue browning and subsequent NST potentiation remain incompletely elucidated.

Whether the consumption of fruits, flavonoid-rich fruits, and 100% fruit juice is associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unclear. We aimed to examine the association of total fruit, flavonoid-rich fruits, and 100% fruit juice consumption with the risk of GDM.

Creatine, a conditionally essential nutrient primarily from animal-based foods, may be insufficient in certain dietary patterns. Using NHANES data (2003-2023), this cross-sectional study examined creatine intake in 8,407 individuals following special diets. Over two-thirds consumed less than one gram per day, with the highest prevalence in low-fiber (83.3%), high-fiber (82.1%), and gluten-free (79.2%) diets. These findings suggest a widespread risk of creatine insufficiency linked to restrictive diets. Given creatine's role in energy metabolism and health, strategies such as supplementation or creatine-fortified foods may be warranted. Longitudinal studies are needed to guide intake recommendations and assess long-term outcomes.

Observational studies have raised questions regarding the comprehensive metabolomic markers associated with dietary macronutrient intake. This study aimed to identify metabolites that are causally linked to dietary macronutrient consumption using a robust analytical framework.

Genetic variations, including rs17782313 (C/T) in the MC4R gene, are associated with lipid levels. Gene-diet interactions contribute to disease development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of interactions between total energy intake, protein intake, and MC4R rs17782313 on lipid parameters in Saudi adults.

Efficacy and safety of a novel total parenteral nutrition formula for chronic kidney disease patients, OPF-109, containing multivitamins based on the FDA2000 recommendation were investigated.

Obesity is a significant threat to national and global public health in terms of its prevalence and economic burden due to obesity-related complications (ORCs) and morbidities. The aim of this study is to calculate obesity-related public expenditures in Hungary in order to estimate the expenses and contribution of patients in 2019 and in 2022, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively.

This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the predictive capacity of fat-related body composition in early pregnancy for macrosomia and facilitate early screening.

This study aimed to evaluate safety and feasibility of perioperative exercise and nutrition therapy and to explore perioperative changes in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in patients with esophageal cancer.

Sleep health includes quality, quantity, and timing of sleep and is negatively affected by surgery. Poor preoperative sleep health is associated with worse surgical outcomes, including greater morbidity and hospital length of stay.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a prevalent condition, can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study evaluated the efficacy of liraglutide 3.0 mg in treating MASLD in patients with obesity in real-world clinical settings.

Excessive visceral fat area is a risk factor for postoperative complications in gastric cancer patients undergoing minimally invasive gastrectomy. This prospective pilot study aimed to evaluate the safety, compliance, and efficacy of prehabilitation in obese patients with gastric cancer who were scheduled to undergo curative gastrectomy.

Rapid growth characterizes early childhood, with the highest weight gain in early infancy and continued relatively high gains during preschool years.

Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by muscle mass loss. Some investigations have demonstrated the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a protector against the presence of sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease. We aimed to explore the role of circulating BDNF in the development of sarcopenia among individuals with disease-related malnutrition (DRM).

Larger mean platelet volume (MPV), a measure of platelet activity, increases atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) found in fish may lower platelet count (PLC) and activity. We investigated the relationship between fish intake, PLC, MPV, and n-3 PUFA intake.