Distinct Effects of Biological Treatments on Eosinophils and Neutrophils in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyp Patients
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is generally characterized by tissue-infiltrating eosinophils. Various biologic treatments, targeting the inflammation, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing nasal polyp size and symptoms. However, their specific impact on granulocyte populations within polyps remains largely unclear. This study explores how different biological treatments modulate local nasal polyp inflammation by assessing changes in granulocyte presence and recruitment before and after treatment.
A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of Eucalyptol, Limonene, and Pinene Enteric Capsules in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps Postoperatively
Eucalyptol, limonene, and pinene enteric capsules (ELP) are typical mucoactive drugs used in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, reliable evidence regarding its efficacy in this population remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of ELP, particularly on nasal ciliary function and inflammatory biomarkers.
Advances in the Gut-Lung Axis and Bronchial Asthma: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Potential
Bronchial asthma (hereafter referred to as asthma) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and reversible airflow limitation. Recent advancements in the "gut-lung" axis concept have elucidated the intricate immunometabolic crosstalk between the gastrointestinal tract and pulmonary system, offering novel insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for asthma.
Milk Ladder Efficacy and Safety in IgE-Mediated Cow's Milk Allergy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Studies
Milk ladder (ML) is considered a potential therapeutic option for managing cow's milk allergy (CMA). Although the ML was initially developed to reintroduce cow's milk into the diet for individuals with non-IgE mediated CMA, it has also recently been used in IgE-mediated CMA.
Atopic Multimorbidity in Adults With a Focus on Sensitization Patterns and T Cell Activation
Atopic diseases-including atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma (AA), and allergic rhinitis (AR)-are driven by Th2 inflammation and often occur together (atopic multimorbidity), along with non-atopic comorbidities. Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is an autoimmune mast cell-driven disease, but its relationship to classic atopic diseases remains unclear. This study investigated the association of CSU with classical atopic diseases as well as sensitization patterns and T cell activation in atopic multimorbidity.
Evaluation of the Quality and Reliability of ChatGPT-4's Responses on Allergen Immunotherapy Using Validated Instruments for Health Information Quality Assessment
Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 4 (ChatGPT-4) represents an advancing large language model (LLM) with potential applications in medical education and patient care. While Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT) can change the course of allergic diseases, it can also bring uncertainty to patients, who turn to readily available resources such as ChatGPT-4 to address these doubts. This study aimed to use validated tools to evaluate the information provided by ChatGPT-4 regarding AIT in terms of quality, reliability, and readability.
Biopsychosocial Insights on Adolescents With Chronic Urticaria: The Role of Eosinophils and Stress Coping Strategies
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) often lacks a clear etiology. While autoimmune and allergic factors can trigger it, stress and life events also play significant roles. As in other psychosomatic disorders, effective stress coping strategies are key to understanding and managing CSU. This study examined how stress coping strategies relate to biomarkers and disease severity in adolescents with CSU.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures as Predictive Tools for Disease Control in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: A Prospective Study
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) significantly impairs the quality of life, and disease control is now considered the primary treatment goal. Although patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) such as the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and CRS-PRO are widely used, their utility in predicting long-term postoperative disease control remains limited.
Sexual Health in Atopic Dermatitis: Impact of Skin Clinical Control
Sexual health in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) remains scarcely studied. Identifying the problematic of sexual health disorders (SHD) in AD and associated factors is important for the design and implementation of targeted interventions.
Delphi Consensus on Attenuated Androgen Use for Long-Term Prophylaxis in Hereditary Angioedema: AURA Project
Danazol and other attenuated androgens (AAs) have been a cornerstone of Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) long-term prophylaxis (LTP) for decades, alongside intravenous plasma-derived C1INH (pdC1INH). Danazol's potential androgenic effects, however, present several limitations to its prescription and use. With the emergence of safer and more effective LTP drugs, guidelines are now shifting danazol to a second-line option. These changes in HAE therapy require a new framework to guide physicians in the appropriate use of danazol in HAE LTP.
Key Predictors of Adherence to a Mobile Health App for Managing Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Mobile health technologies may improve the management of chronic diseases, such as chronic spontaneous urticaria. However, effectiveness of mHealth tools largely depends on patient adherence, which can be influenced by various demographic, clinical, behavioural, psychosocial factors, and apps characteristics (appealing and simplicity of use). Understanding these adherence patterns is crucial for optimizing mHealth interventions. In this study, we aimed to assess adherence patterns associated to the use of CRUSE, a mHealth app designed for patients with CSU.
Feeding the Skin Barrier: The Impact of Macro- and Micronutrients on Skin Barrier Function
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, and acts as a fundamental barrier. Beyond its protective role, it serves as a key immune organ, mediating immune surveillance and regulation. Exposure to environmental factors such as mechanical trauma, detergents, air pollution, and microbial dysbiosis can compromise the skin barrier triggering the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases including atopic dermatitis (AD). Nutrition profoundly impacts skin health, influencing cell proliferation, tissue repair, and immune functions.
Variability of Diagnostic Outcomes in Nasal Allergen Challenge: The Role of Combined Subjective and Objective Indicators
Nasal allergen challenge (NAC) is currently the only available test to confirm nasal responsiveness to allergens and is a core diagnostic tool for allergic rhinitis. NAC is currently diagnosed by combining existing subjective measures and objective assessment methods in pairs to assess outcomes, based on a strong positive result for a single item or a moderately positive result for a combination of two items. However, there are few data on the diagnostic outcomes and characteristics of its various diagnostic combinations.
Efficacy and Safety of Stapokibart in Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis With and Without Type 2 Comorbidities: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Phase 3 Trial
Atopic dermatitis (AD) often coexists with other type 2 inflammatory diseases. Stapokibart, a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 receptor alpha subunit, showed high efficacy and favorable safety in a phase 3 trial. This post-hoc analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of stapokibart in AD patients with and without type 2 comorbidities.
Evaluating Generative AI Large Language Models for Urticaria Management: A Comparative Analysis of DeepSeek-R1 and ChatGPT-4o
Urticaria is a prevalent condition affecting a significant portion of the global population. Both dermatologists and patients require access to up-to-date and accurate information. Traditional search engines often fall short in meeting these needs. Despite the growing reliance on AI for medical inquiries, the accuracy and quality of AI-generated remain understudied. This study aims to evaluate and compare the performance of two widely used AI models, ChatGPT-4o and DeepSeek-R1, in addressing urticaria-related queries.
Which Is the Best Biologic for Nasal Polyps: An Updated Network Meta-Analysis
Direct comparative efficacy data for biologics in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remain limited, particularly for novel agents like tezepelumab, underscoring the need to identify optimal therapies for precision management.
Sebetralstat for On-Demand Treatment of Mucosal Hereditary Angioedema Attacks in KONFIDENT-S
Hereditary angioedema (HAE-C1INH) attacks involving mucosal tissue may progress rapidly and often lead to substantial morbidity. Severe laryngeal attacks can be fatal without prompt administration of on-demand treatment. This prespecified interim analysis evaluated the safety and effectiveness of sebetralstat in laryngeal and abdominal attacks in the ongoing, 2-year, open-label extension KONFIDENT-S study (NCT05505916).
Next Generation Sequencing of Genes With Epigenetic Alterations in Mastocytosis
Mastocytosis is a neoplastic disease of the bone marrow associated with the risk of frequent and severe allergic reactions. However, the genetic predisposition is not fully understood, and the crucial element in pathogenesis is the presence of the oncogenic KIT p. D816 V gene mutation. The epigenetic mechanism has also been suggested as playing a role in mastocytosis.
Digital Innovation in Asthma Management in Italy: Results From the "Confronting Asthma Survey"
The rapid digital transformation has significantly impacted healthcare, particularly through eHealth solutions that offer great potential for managing chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma. This study explores the impact, attitudes, and acceptance of digital technologies in asthma management in Italy.
A Novel Cell Culture System to Improve MRGPRX2 Research in Human Skin Mast Cells
MRGPRX2, a receptor central to mast cell (MC) activation and related skin diseases, is selectively expressed in skin MCs but downregulated during culture by stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4).
ST2 Erythroid Progenitors Suppress Allergic Asthma by Scavenging IL-33 in Young Mice
Although IL-33/ST2 signaling has been implicated in adult asthma, its contribution to early-onset allergic asthma remains poorly understood. Here, we examined the postnatal dynamics of IL-33 and its regulation by splenic ST2 erythroid progenitors (EPs).
