Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare, severe, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by extremely high triglyceride (TG) levels and an increased risk of acute and/or recurrent pancreatitis. Lomitapide, a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. The open-label, single-arm LOCHNES study (EudraCT 2018-002911-80) investigated lomitapide in adult patients with genetically confirmed FCS and a history of pancreatitis, demonstrating its efficacy and tolerability.

Recent cohort studies demonstrated that higher levels of serum remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) were a predictor of kidney outcomes in diabetes; however, these studies did not take into account triglycerides, highly correlated with remnant-C.

Patients with elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) are at higher risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and are often undertreated with lipid-lowering therapies (LLT). The impact of electronic health record (EHR) messaging on improving diagnosis and management remains unclear.

The effects of evinacumab on HDL function remains unclear.

Recent evidence suggests that visit-to-visit low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) variability-a measure of intraindividual lipid fluctuation over time-may independently influence cardiovascular risk. This study evaluated the impact of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) and inclisiran on LDL-C variability compared to standard lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) in a real-world population of very high-risk patients.

The increasing incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) poses a major healthcare challenge. This condition is particularly prevalent in patients with obesity. Artichoke leaf extract (ALE) has known hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering properties. While ALE has been studied for its impact on liver metabolism, its specific effectiveness in individuals with obesity and MASLD remains unclear. This study investigates the effectiveness of ALE in reducing liver steatosis in patients scheduled for bariatric surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine ALE's "antisteatotic" efficacy in this clinical context.

Evaluate efficacy and tolerability of bempedoic acid in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH).

This post hoc analysis aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of alirocumab vs placebo or ezetimibe in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but without previous acute coronary syndrome (ACS; myocardial infarction/unstable angina) or stroke.

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder leading to elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and increased risk for early atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). While the 3 primary genes (LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9) associated with monogenic FH have been well established, rare variants remain challenging to interpret. We report a novel APOB variant, c.9498G>C (p.Lys3166Asn) in the region of the apolipoprotein B100 that is involved in the binding to the LDL receptor (LDLR). This variant was identified in multiple unrelated families with FH. We initially observed this variant in the proband with severe hypercholesterolemia and early ASCVD. Familial testing showed complete segregation of the variant with FH in the proband's family in all tested individuals with hypercholesterolemia. Further collaboration with diagnostic laboratories revealed 3 additional probands with the same variant and severe hypercholesterolemia. These findings suggest that this variant causes FH; however, functional studies are needed for definitive confirmation. This case underscores the importance of collaborative data sharing in variant interpretation and the role of case reports in enhancing genetic diagnosis for FH.

Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Despite National Lipid Association guidelines recommending one-time Lp(a) screening in adults aged 18 years and older, Lp(a) testing remains underutilized.

Sleep disorders affect a large share of adults, and excess body fat is a recognized risk factor. Relative fat mass (RFM) is a recently developed anthropometric index intended to estimate body fat percentage more closely than body mass index (BMI). This study examined the association between RFM and physician-diagnosed sleep disorders in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.

Autosomal recessive homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (AR-HoFH) is a severe lipid disorder leading to early-onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) due to extreme low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) elevations. Despite high-intensity statins, ezetimibe, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, many patients require LDL-apheresis for LDL-C control.

To summarize the complex relationship of high-density lipoproteins and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Evidence supports that more aggressive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering improves outcomes in patients at high cardiovascular risk, but whether one therapeutic strategy is superior to another remains unclear.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) are effective lipid-lowering therapies that reduce cardiovascular risk in hypercholesterolemia. Recent advances include oral PCSK9i, which may offer advantages over injectables.

This study, for the first time, stratified a larger sample size of participants according to the Framingham Risk Score and applied a fine-grained classification of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) in 20 mg/dL increments, aiming to further analyze the associations of baseline non-HDL-C and its changes with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and all-cause mortality across different baseline risk populations.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) has recently emerged as an important vasculopathy modulator. However, limited data exist on its level and expression in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Implementation strategies can enhance the utilization of lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs), such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors. However, the effectiveness of these strategies, particularly for nonstatin add-on LLTs, remains unclear. This global systematic review examined implementation strategies to optimize the uptake, adherence, and persistence of nonstatin add-on LLTs, their associated clinical outcomes, and the barriers and enablers to the success of these strategies.

This review explores the distinct metabolic phenotype prevalent among South Asians, marked by a "normal BMI-high body and abdominal fat-low muscle mass" profile that carries significant health implications. We discuss obesity, abdominal adiposity, body fat depots, and new obesity guidelines applicable to Asian Indians.

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) causes corneal arcus (CA) and xanthomas via lipid particle deposition. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] consists of an apolipoproteinB100 and apolipoprotein(a). As apolipoprotein(a) accumulates within extracellular connective tissues, it may associate with CA and tendon xanthoma.