Lung cancer with progressive bone metastases usually leads to skeletal-related events (SREs) and a reduced quality of life. Denosumab delays the onset of SREs and is associated with improved overall survival. However, other factors associated with overall survival in patients with lung cancer and bone metastases remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the survival benefit of denosumab use in patients with lung cancer and bone metastases and how other factors affect overall survival in these patients.

Evidence is growing for interventions beyond inhaled therapies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Clinician attitudes and access to these therapies are crucial to informing COPD care pathways.

Care guidelines for cystic fibrosis (CF) recommend annual screening for anxiety and depression using standardised measures, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Research in other chronic illness groups such as diabetes has demonstrated that illness-specific distress predicts daily functioning above and beyond depression alone. To address the need for a measure of illness-specific distress, we developed and validated the CF Stress Questionnaire (CFSQ), which could serve as a meaningful adjunct to mental health screening.

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is common, affecting approximately 15% of patients with cancer. Over recent years, there have been significant changes in both the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the condition, and recent epidemiological studies have shown improvements in survival across most major cancer types. However, it is currently unclear whether there has been an increase in survival in patients with MPE.

While simnotrelvir-ritonavir and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, the oral antiviral agents targeting the 3C-like proteases, are widely used in China, robust data on their appropriate use remain limited in hospitalised patients. We therefore examined the appropriateness of simnotrelvir-ritonavir versus nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in the inpatient setting.

To examine diagnostic testing patterns for symptoms associated with lung cancer in Australian general practice.

The prognostic value of respiratory symptom profiles for predicting exacerbation risk and lung function decline remains unclear in mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective intervention for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but impact typically only lasts 6-12 months. This paper presents results of an economic evaluation of a PR maintenance programme (Self-management Programme of Activity, Coping and Education (SPACE)) undertaken within a prospective assessor-blind randomised controlled trial.

Smoking cessation has proven to be the most effective non-pharmacological intervention to tackle poor outcomes in airway diseases. However, there is limited understanding of teachable/treatable moments (specific times when individuals may be particularly open to behavioural change) to support smoking cessation in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, we aimed to investigate which health events could create treatable moments for nicotine dependence in these patients.

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a hereditary condition associated with the risk of developing chronic lung and liver disease. We aimed for a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that addresses generic, lung-specific and liver-specific aspects of quality of life (QoL) in individuals with AATD. Rather than developing a new PROM, we evaluated existing PROMs.

Pleural infection is a common problem associated with a high mortality. The aim of this study is to address current knowledge gaps in this condition by describing the global burden of disease and assessing the regional and seasonal variation in causative organisms, demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, comorbidities, pleural effusion characteristics, management strategies and outcomes. These data will inform future research and management guidelines.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a common metabolic and liver condition that leads to systemic inflammation. Obstructive airway diseases (OADs) are characterised by chronic airway inflammation, with small airway dysfunction (SAD) regarded as an early indicator. However, it is unknown whether MASLD contributes to SAD or the risk of acute exacerbation (AE) in OAD.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a major disruption in access to and use of health resources and facilities. There are limited longitudinal data from low-resource settings on the impact of pandemic mitigation strategies and medication use on asthma attacks in children.

Fever in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection may increase the risk of intraoperative oxygen desaturation during surgery. This study seeks to find the optimal surgery timing by examining oxygen desaturation rates after fever resolution.

Previous literature suggested that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) might be a risk factor for nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). However, longitudinal studies did not comprehensively consider potential confounders such as body mass index and smoking status. In addition, the impact of RA seropositivity has not been well elucidated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the risk of incident NTM-PD in subjects with RA versus age-matched and sex-matched controls, while focusing on the impact of RA serologic status on this association.

Acute exacerbations profoundly influence asthma prognosis, yet large-scale data linking baseline blood eosinophil counts to both short-term and long-term exacerbation risk remain limited. We therefore examined this association in one of the largest nationwide cohorts.

Pulmonary vessel-related structural (PVRS) abnormalities have been implicated in usual interstitial pneumonia; however, their significance in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease (IIM-ILD) remains unclear. In this two-centre study, we evaluated the associations between PVRS parameters on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and rapid progression and prognosis in patients with IIM-ILD.

People with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) experience gaps in care, educational resources and self-management strategies throughout their journey. We sought to identify gaps in care and information, determine essential information, examine sources of information and assess preferred modes of delivery for patient education and self-management (PESM) resources and interventions.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease (ILD) caused by repeated exposure to inhaled antigens, leading to small airway and parenchymal inflammation. Diagnosis is based on a detailed clinical history, chest imaging and invasive tests such as bronchoalveolar lavage. Distinguishing HP from other ILDs is challenging. Respiratory oscillometry, a novel pulmonary function test (PFT), is highly sensitive to small airway abnormalities. Oscillometry measurement of reactance is strongly correlated with gender-age-physiology score, a prognostic tool used to predict mortality and disease severity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Asthma is the most common non-communicable disease among children, with increasing prevalence. The current standard of care in high-income countries in adults and adolescents includes the use of combination inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) with rapid-onset long-acting ß agonists (LABA) for all severities of asthma. The primary objective of this trial is to assess the efficacy of a budesonide/formoterol inhaler used 'both as required, and regularly' to reduce asthma exacerbations compared with the standard of care for asthma in children and adolescents.

Diagnosing asthma requires confirmation by bronchodilator reversibility (BDR) with or without bronchial provocation testing (BPT). Despite being needed in 80% of suspected cases following BDR, BPT access remains limited in Canada. Type-2 (T2) inflammatory biomarkers (fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood eosinophil count (BEC)) may be underutilised for BPT prioritisation and are insufficiently studied to support asthma diagnosis in real-world primary care, especially in children. We aimed to explore whether T2 biomarker-based prioritisation of BPT reduces diagnostic delays, and improves triage efficiency and guidance based on exacerbation risk.