Atrazine, an herbicide widely used in US agriculture, has been associated with kidney cancer and non-malignant kidney disease. However, the potential mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. We evaluated atrazine use and biomarkers of kidney function and nephrotoxicity among male farmers in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture Study.

Using a case-control design, we examined the association between occupational asbestos exposure and risk of peritoneal mesothelioma in the general population in Italy.

Cleaning work involves potential exposures to physical, chemical, biological and psychosocial hazards, which might increase the risk of birth defects. Yet, there is limited research focused on maternal occupation in cleaning jobs and the risk of birth defects. We investigated the association between maternal occupation in cleaning-related jobs during early pregnancy and selected birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a case-control study from 1997 to 2011.

To describe cause-specific mortality patterns of banana plantation workers in the French West Indies.

We evaluated the relationship between cumulative occupational ionising radiation exposure and gastrointestinal cancer mortality in a cohort of US radiologic technologists (USRT).

This study examined the association between daily long working hours (LWHs) and diverse health-related outcomes, using objective and subjective measures. It further evaluated the specific durations of daily LWHs that may be considered inappropriate in cases with adverse health effects.

Small airways obstruction (SAO) has been associated with lifetime exposure to several agents in the workplace. Whether this association is modified by genetic variants is unknown.

Evidence regarding the effect of psychosocial working conditions on adverse pregnancy outcomes remains inconclusive. We investigated whether four aspects of psychosocial working conditions were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Firefighters face a range of hazards, including strenuous tasks in high-temperature environments and exposure to chemicals. These hazards may increase the risk of kidney diseases. However, limited evidence supports this hypothesis within this occupational group. Hence, this study aimed to assess the relationship between firefighting and kidney diseases.

We assessed upper-aero digestive tract disorders in World Trade Center (WTC) patients seen in the Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Department of a large New York City hospital system and the association between WTC exposure and sinonasal surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Teachers' mental health, an important asset for society, may be impacted by security or health crises alongside more structural changes. Our primary aim was to assess 2012-2022 trends in depressive symptoms among French teachers compared to similar employees. We further examined concomitant trends in job dissatisfaction.

Over 600 UK Armed Forces personnel and civilians were seriously injured in the conflict in Afghanistan. We examined whether combat injury, and limb loss specifically, reduced the likelihood of employment after leaving the UK Armed Forces and to what extent this was mediated by pain and mobility.

Surgeons face a significant risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders due to the demands of their profession. However, the effects of physical activity interventions (eg, exercises or active and passive microbreaks) remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of physical activity interventions on musculoskeletal health in the surgical population.A systematic literature search was conducted between 15 April 2024 and 30 May 2024, using six databases. We only included experimental studies, and meta-analyses were conducted for active microbreaks, while we narratively synthesised the results for other physical activity interventions due to small number of studies. The level of evidence was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.Among 5576 identified articles, a total of 9 articles were included. For active microbreaks, the meta-analyses showed pooled estimates between -0.24 (95% CI -0.36 to -0.11) and -0.62 (95% CI -0.87 to -0.37) for pain in body regions related to the spine, upper extremity and lower extremity. For passive microbreaks, significantly lower levels of musculoskeletal pain and strain were found in the spine, neck, arms and knees at the end of the procedure compared with no intervention. For exercise with and without ergonomic counselling, a significant decrease in pain was found from baseline to 3, 6 and 12 months in most body parts. For all intervention types, the level of evidence ranged from very low to low.We found that physical activity interventions have positive effects on the musculoskeletal health of surgeons. However, the low level of evidence highlights the need for high-quality research.

There is a lack of knowledge about whether occupational exposures increase the risk of emphysema, especially in never-smokers. Our objective was to determine if occupational exposures are associated with emphysema and impaired diffusing capacity.

Trace elements play crucial roles in regulating biological functions and maintaining homeostasis, but toxic metals may exert detrimental effects on the human body even at low doses. Prenatal elements exposure was related to children's anthropometric outcomes at single time points. However, most existing studies ignore the dynamic characteristics of child growth and the evolving trajectories of physical development. This review systematically examines the associations between prenatal trace elements and toxic metals exposure and childhood growth and development, with a particular focus on changes in longitudinal growth trajectories. A comprehensive search was conducted across four electronic databases, and 24 studies were included in the final analysis. Maternal exposure to elevated concentrations of trace elements such as vanadium, chromium and manganese has been linked to physical growth restriction in children. In contrast, prenatal exposure to other trace elements, including zinc, calcium and copper, appears to have positive effects on child growth and development. The effects of lithium exposure during pregnancy have not been fully determined. Moreover, children's growth parameters and trajectories are generally negatively affected by exposure to toxic metals, such as lead, cadmium and mercury. This review provides evidence that prenatal element exposure plays an important role in offspring growth and development, and further research is needed to better elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these effects.

Despite reducing exposures to wood dust, woodworkers remain at increased risk of asthma. There have been no recent studies of wood dust exposure, respiratory symptoms or asthma in British woodworkers. This cross-sectional study examined factors associated with asthma in British woodworkers across exposure groups.

While injuries/illnesses among emergency responders during extreme bushfires in Victoria, Australia, are well-documented, the impact of bushfire periods on return-to-work (RTW) outcomes is less understood. This study investigates whether workers' compensation claims lodged during extreme bushfire periods are associated with slower RTW, more lost work time and time-off-work relapse.

Exposure to bioaerosols from salmon processing is associated with occupational asthma. The prevalence of work-related asthma symptoms in fish processing workers has earlier been reported to be 12%-24%, but small sample sizes and heterogeneity in exposure across studies make generalisability to todays' salmon processing industry questionable. Studies comparing filleting workers and slaughtering workers have shown conflicting results.

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate differences in total sleep time and heart rate variability (HRV) in active-duty firefighters between on-shift and off-shift days.