Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) are among the commonest contributors to disease burden in children, yet remain difficult to diagnose and treat, in part because available tests inadequately capture underlying mechanisms or link physiology to symptoms. Body surface gastric mapping (BSGM) is a next-generation, noninvasive electrophysiological technology that records high-resolution gastric slow-wave activity with simultaneous symptom logging. This review summarizes emerging evidence that BSGM may fill a key diagnostic gap in pediatric DGBI. After outlining the burden and multifactorial pathophysiology of pediatric DGBI, we compare alternative investigations-including electrogastrography, gastric emptying scintigraphy, and antroduodenal manometry-and highlight their limitations in pediatrics, including regarding reproducibility, accessibility, invasiveness, and symptom correlation. We then describe BSGM methodology, validated spectral metrics, symptom integration, and standardized testing protocols. Early pediatric studies have demonstrated excellent feasibility, particularly in adolescents, established preliminary normative ranges, and identified phenotypes to distinguish neuromuscular disorders, delayed meal responses, and alternative symptom profiles to help inform targeted care. Concordance with antroduodenal manometry is also discussed. Finally, we outline research priorities, including the need for larger multicenter cohort studies, formalization of pediatric-specific reference intervals, and longitudinal studies assessing treatment responses. BSGM shows potential as a valuable noninvasive diagnostic tool for better characterizing pediatric DGBIs, though further validation is required.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second leading cause of global cancer-related mortality, with serrated colon neoplasia (SCN) accounting for 20%-30% of cases. SCN exhibits distinct clinicopathological and molecular features, whose superficial and pale appearance poses challenges for endoscopic detection. Linked Color Imaging (LCI) significantly improves lesion detection by enhancing color contrast through narrowband preprocessing and post-processing augmentation, demonstrating superior performance in large-lumen examinations. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the clinicopathological and molecular profiles of SCN, elaborates on the technical advantages of LCI over conventional imaging modalities, and highlights its diagnostic utility in SCN screening. Furthermore, we explore the innovative integration of LCI with artificial intelligence for real-time lesion recognition and with biomedical nanomaterials for targeted therapy, proposing a promising "detection-treatment" paradigm that may transform early CRC management.

Mirikizumab is a first-in-class IL-23p19 inhibitor, which is approved for the treatment of adults with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC).

Fecal microbiota, live-jslm (RBL) is a microbiota-based product for the prevention of recurrent infection (rCDI) in adults following antibiotic treatment. The safety and clinical effectiveness of RBL administered via colonoscopy in adults with rCDI were evaluated in CDI-SCOPE. An 8-week analysis showed 9.8% of participants had RBL-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs; primary endpoint) and 95.1% experienced treatment success (no CDI recurrence).

Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents are now accepted as the first-line medical treatment for stricturing Crohn's disease (CD). However, data are lacking about the effectiveness of advanced therapies after anti-TNF failure.

A combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy has emerged as standard therapy in advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, the clinical benefit in patients with a low combined positive score (CPS) of 1-4 remains controversial.

Extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) commonly occur in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and contribute significantly to morbidity and reduced quality of life. Their management remains challenging. Recently, the development of Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors has expanded the therapeutic options of luminal IBD, and three JAK inhibitors, tofacitinib, upadacitinib, and filgotinib, have been approved for IBD treatment, while a growing body of evidence suggests that JAK inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic option for the management of EIMs, particularly those affecting the joints and skin. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide the available evidence concerning the impact of JAK inhibitors on EIMs treatment and analyze their underlying mechanisms of action.

Percutaneous biliary drainage and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) have long been used for malignant biliary obstruction (MBO). Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (eRFA) has been performed for this condition, and it has also been performed in combination with endoscopic biliary stenting, and/or chemotherapy. Although eRFA is apparently being used in a wide variety of applications, there are insufficient reports on its use, and mostly from retrospective studies. This article summarizes and seeks to clarify the status of RFA for MBO. eRFA for MBO with endoscopic biliary stenting was shown in a recent meta-analysis to improve overall survival (OS) at 6 months of follow-up, but there was no improvement of stent patency. A combination of eRFA and chemotherapy reportedly improved OS and progression-free survival, especially for patients with locally-advanced biliary tract cancer. When eRFA was performed for occluded self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs), the time to recurrent obstruction in the eRFA group was significantly longer than that in the patients treated by uncovered SEMS placement alone. eRFA has also been performed for inoperable ampullary tumors, and the median OS was significantly longer in an eRFA group than in a stenting alone group, and there was improvement of obstructive jaundice. eRFA reportedly has a high clinical success rate for patients after endoscopic papillectomy. Future studies should examine the synergistic effects of using immune-checkpoint inhibitors and eRFA together. eRFA has been shown to have therapeutic effects in various applications, but further large prospective research is needed to improve the level of evidence.

Unlike infliximab, ustekinumab (UST) has shown inconsistent associations between drug concentration and clinical efficacy across studies, with varying cutoff therapeutic trough levels (TLs) proposed.

Potassium-competitive acid blocker-based regimens, such as tegoprazan, have demonstrated promising efficacy for eradication. In regions with high antibiotic resistance, such as Gansu Province, bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) remains the recommended first-line treatment. However, evidence on the efficacy and safety of high-dose tegoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy (TA) remains limited.

The current standard treatment paradigm for patients with unresectable and non-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involves transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as the primary local therapeutic modality, followed by systemic therapy upon disease progression. Emerging evidence suggests that the concurrent integration of immunotherapy and targeted therapy with TACE may yield synergistic therapeutic effects. Recent phase III trials-including EMERALD-1, LEAP-012, and TALENTACE-have provided important insights into the efficacy and safety of this multimodal approach.

Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) usually experience anxiety symptoms that seriously affect their quality of life, treatment, and prognosis. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota plays an important role in UC and mental illness. However, little is known about the role of the gut microbiota in UC patients with anxiety.

infection (CDI) is a significant complication in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC).

There is no consensus on whether proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or vonoprazan (VPZ) is superior in preventing delayed bleeding (DB) after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of the stomach.

Fecal microbiota, live-jslm (RBL) is approved in the United States and Canada for prevention of recurrent infection (rCDI) in adults following standard-of-care (SOC) antibiotic treatment.

Balloon endoscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (BE-ERCP) has become an essential modality for managing pancreaticobiliary diseases in patients with surgically altered anatomy (SAA). This review summarizes the current evidence and technical advances in BE-ERCP, with a focus on insertion strategies tailored to specific reconstructive surgical techniques. Recent developments in short-type balloon endoscopes have improved maneuverability and device compatibility, enabling the widespread use of standard ERCP accessories. In addition, innovative tools, such as highly rotatable sphincterotomes, helical stone retrieval baskets, and newly introduced slim cholangioscopes, have expanded the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of BE-ERCP. Papillary interventions, including endoscopic sphincterotomy, endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD), large balloon dilation (EPLBD), and combined approaches (ESBD), are discussed with respect to their feasibility and safety in SAA. Furthermore, the clinical efficacy of stone removal and lithotripsy techniques, including peroral cholangioscopy-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy, is reviewed. Finally, we address the emerging role of interventional endoscopic ultrasound as a complementary or alternative strategy to BE-ERCP. Taken together, this review provides a comprehensive update on current techniques and evolving strategies for endoscopic management of bile duct stones in patients with altered anatomy.

Intestinal fibrosis-associated stricture can lead to bowel complications and subsequent surgeries in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), but there are no widely accepted biomarkers for intestinal fibrostenosis.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) enables en bloc resection of large colorectal lesions, but it remains challenging due to thin walls and poor operability. Traction devices like SureClip traction band (SCTB, Micro-tech) and SO clip (SO-C, Zeon Medical Inc.) are used to address this. This study compared the differences in ESD outcomes between SCTB and SO-C.

Crohn's disease (CD) involves chronic intestinal inflammation, frequently requiring surgical intervention. CD patients undergoing surgery often undergo increased psychological stress. One of the outcomes of persistent stress is post-traumatic stress (PTS), a mental health concern associated with immune dysregulation and disease progression. However, research on PTS in CD patients following surgery is limited.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and cardiovascular (CV) events, particularly during flares. While concerns have emerged regarding the intrinsic CV and thromboembolic risk of Janus kinase inhibitors, real-world data on baseline risk profiles in UC remain scarce.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) use has been linked to adverse outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, it remains unknown whether this is due to protopathic bias (i.e., when the outcome precedes exposure).