Radiotherapy (RT) is essential for cancer treatment, yet access in Latin America remains highly unequal due to socio-economic and systemic disparities. This study aims to identify and analyze the key socio-economic determinants influencing RT access, infrastructure, and workforce distribution across 11 Latin American countries.

Artificial intelligence is increasingly used in radiation oncology, yet its application for tumor burden (TB) estimation remains limited. This study evaluated the performance of a [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography ([F]-FDG-PET/CT)-based deep learning model, PET-Assisted Reporting System ("PARS", ), for lesion detection, segmentation, and TB estimation in patients with metastatic melanoma undergoing immunotherapy.

This study evaluates the efficacy of submandibular gland sparing radiotherapy in reducing salivary dysfunction using dynamic Technetium pertechnetate scintigraphy.

In a previous preclinical trial on human HNSCC xenografts, 18 genes were predictive for adding cetuximab to fractionated radiotherapy. Here, we apply the corresponding 18-gene classifier to two HNSCC patient cohorts treated with combined radiochemotherapy (without cetuximab). We show that the classifier is related to EGFR expression and stratifies patients for loco-regional control (LRC) in both cohorts.

Re-irradiation of adrenal metastases is challenging due to cumulative dose constraints. We present seven patients treated with MR-guided adaptive stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), leveraging real-time imaging and on-table adaptation for precise dose delivery (5× 10 Gy or 3× 15 Gy). This first report of ablative-dose MR-guided SABR in re-irradiation demonstrates excellent local control and acceptable toxicity, with six patients progression-free at median 8.6 months and no grade ≥3 events (one grade 2 vertebral fracture, one grade 1 nausea). By providing a non-invasive alternative to surgery or palliative radiotherapy, MR-guided adaptive SABR expands therapeutic options for high-risk patients.

This prospective study investigated the long-term effects of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) on cardiac function and biomarkers in early breast cancer patients over a six-year follow-up.

To determine the prevalence of vascular calcifications on radiotherapy-planning CTs in women with early breast cancer (BC) and their association with subsequent cardiovascular (CV) events.

Recurrence of gynaecological cancer in the pelvis is associated with significant morbidity and can be challenging to treat, particularly when arising in a previously irradiated site. For cases of oligometastatic relapse a targeted approach is preferable, avoiding the need for systemic therapy. Type 1 reirradiation using highly conformal techniques such as stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) is increasingly used, aiming for disease ablation at the site of relapse. We present an analysis of our institutional experience of using SBRT for gynaecological cancer reirradiation to identify efficacy, toxicity and other factors for appropriate case selection.

Radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) is a common complication of radiation therapy (RT) that can undermine antitumor immunity and diminish the efficacy of immunotherapy. While RIL is a known predictor of poor outcomes, its underlying mechanisms and key determinants remain poorly characterized.

Gastrointestinal toxicity is a major concern after radiotherapy for gynaecologic cancer. Strong dose-effect relationships for the bowel and individual loops are lacking, which might be explained by challenges in accurate radiation dose estimation due to continuous motion of the bowel loops. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether changes in bowel loop motion occur over the course of radiotherapy, with the use of three-dimensional (3D) cine-MRI.

The objective was to assess associations between cardiac substructure dose and changes in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) post-chemoradiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

The role of radiotherapy in de novo low-volume metastatic prostate cancer (LVmPC) is constantly evolving and still offers considerable potential for further optimization. Rising interest in this topic demands further investigations in this specific patient cohort. We report on clinical outcomes and toxicity of combined prostate-directed (PDRT) and metastasis-directed radiotherapy (MDRT) with ablative dose concepts in patients with de novo LVmPC.

he addition of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) as consolidation therapy after chemoradiation (CRT) has improved survival rates in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the cardiotoxicity of CRT combined with ICI remains underexplored. This study assesses if ICI exposure alters the critical cardiac subregion linked to radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) following CRT.

Treatment of patients with recurrent head and neck squamous cell cancer in a previously irradiated field remains challenging. We performed a -analysis, comparing the efficacy and safety of definitive and post-operative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) based reirradiation.

Quantitative MRI (qMRI) is an emerging technique for characterizing tissue microenvironments. Prior work has shown that daily qMRI during MR-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) detects differential responses to hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) within the primary gross tumor volume (GTVp). This exploratory study investigates whether subregions of HNSCC tumors show distinct qMRI responses to hypofractionated RT using contoured GTVp subregions and voxelwise data.

Local control of high-risk sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains challenging and often involves significant morbidity. Management of the node-negative neck is still debated. This study evaluated treatment outcomes, neck management strategies, and toxicity rates in patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) combined with a carbon ion boost.

Treating high-grade head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has recently combined immunotherapy with conventional therapies. However, optimizing the scheduling of anti-PD-L1 with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) requires further research to improve efficacies.

To evaluate survival and toxicity in patients with recurrent esophageal cancer treated with curative (cRT) and palliative (pRT) reirradiation.

Integrating deep learning (DL) for auto-contouring has significantly improved organ-at-risk (OAR) delineation in adult radiotherapy. However, its application in paediatric radiotherapy remains limited. This study evaluates DL-based auto-contouring of OARs, followed by manual revisions, for paediatric flank irradiation, focusing on delineation time, accuracy, and inter-observer variability (IOV).

Primary urethral carcinoma (PUC) is a rare malignancy with a complex and site-specific management paradigm. While surgery remains the mainstay for many cases, advances in modern radiotherapy have facilitated organ preservation without compromising oncologic outcomes. This narrative review outlines the clinicopathological features, diagnostic evaluation, and evolving role of radiotherapy in the management of PUC. An illustrative case of a young male with high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bulbar urethra managed successfully with definitive external beam radiotherapy is presented. We explore the rationale, technique, and outcomes associated with radiotherapy, including external beam and brachytherapy modalities, across disease stages. For locally advanced cases, chemoradiotherapy offers an organ-sparing alternative to mutilating surgery, with promising control rates and acceptable toxicity. This article aims to collate current evidence, highlight gaps, and support the integration of personalised, multidisciplinary care in this rare disease context.