Cancer continues to remain a global health challenge, and conventional chemotherapy has its own limitations such as poor solubility, systemic toxicity, nonspecific biodistribution, and multidrug resistance (MDR). Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) have proved as one of the effective drug delivery systems which can overcome all challenges of conventional technologies by enhancing therapeutic efficacy with reduced side effects. Therefore, this comprehensive review describes, in detail the structure, composition, formulation characteristics of NLCs, and manufacturing techniques. NLCs have shown significant advantages including enhanced drug solubility, controlled release characteristics, and encapsulation of hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drugs. Passive and active targeting enables NLCs to maximize the accumulation of drugs at targeted tumor sites through the enhanced permeation retention (EPR) effect. In addition, MDR targeting and long-circulating NLCs can enhance effectiveness against the resistance mechanisms of cancer cells. Cancer theranostics integrated with NLCs provide real-time diagnosis and treatment opportunities. Despite all these potential advantages, NLCs are still facing a few challenges of large-scale manufacturing, toxicity issues, and regulatory approvals. Yet, recent progress in personalized medicine and lipid-based nanotechnology reflects the potential of NLCs as a versatile and efficient delivery system for anticancer drugs. This review tries to clarify the evolving aspect of NLCs as well as the challenges faced in cancer treatment and strategies to overcome them by focusing on their ability to reshape chemotherapy and improve patient compliance.

Jatyadi Taila (JT) is an Ayurvedic herbal formulation traditionally used for wound healing. However, its oily nature restricts clinical use due to greasy texture, slower absorption, occlusiveness, and application difficulties, resulting in poor patient compliance.

Biotechnology is becoming a key driver of innovation in health, agriculture, industry, and sustainability worldwide. Brazil has made significant progress in this field, thanks to its strong research institutions, diverse ecosystems, and active pharmaceutical and agribusiness sectors. However, despite these strengths, the country still faces critical barriers that limit its global competitiveness in biotechnology. These include a lack of coordination between academia and industry, limited early-stage investment, underdeveloped infrastructure, regulatory delays, and low levels of internationalization. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the biotechnology landscape in Brazil. It analyzes the global context, highlights the country's current position, and identifies gaps and opportunities across the biopharmaceutical value chain. Drawing from international benchmarks and national data, the paper proposes five strategic directions to strengthen Brazil's biotechnology ecosystem: (1) fostering translational science and innovation; (2) expanding access to capital and reducing investment risk; (3) improving infrastructure through shared platforms; (4) modernizing regulatory frameworks; and (5) positioning Brazil in global markets through its unique strengths, such as biodiversity, public health expertise, and agricultural leadership. The article concludes that Brazil has the scientific foundation and market potential to become a global player in biotechnology. However, realizing this potential will require coordinated efforts from government, industry, and academia. With the right policies and investments, Brazil can turn scientific advances into innovative solutions that benefit both its population and the global bioeconomy.

The beginning of precision medicine has come to rise in a new era of targeted therapies. Among these innovations, light-activatable antibody photo drug conjugates/photoimmunoconjugates termed as "PhotoBodies" have emerged as next-generation theranostic agents. By remaining inert until irradiated with a specific wavelength, PhotoBodies offer controlled diagnosis or treatment of diseased cells, tissues, or organs.

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS) offer a non-invasive route for sustained systemic or localized drug delivery. By bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism and improving bioavailability, TDDS enhances patient compliance, especially in the management of chronic diseases. Drug permeation across the skin is mediated through pathways involving the complex skin barrier, predominantly the stratum corneum, with efficacy influenced by both drug properties and skin physiology.

Mechanical, interfacial, and shear stresses encountered during development, manufacturing and transportation of biologics can compromise monoclonal antibody (mAb) stability. However, most scale-down shaking models often depend solely on orbital agitation and overlook the effect of the solid-liquid interface. To study this gap, stress conditions were applied to simulate early-stage product development and real-world transportation in this work.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality with current chemotherapeutic strategies often limited by systemic side effects and suboptimal tumor targeting. This study aimed to enhance the delivery and efficacy of paclitaxel (PTX) for CRC therapy by engineering nanoparticles (NPs) actively targeted to the folate receptor-α (FRα) using pemetrexed, an FDA-approved antifolate with high FRα affinity.

Intravitreal injection is an administration route for ocular therapeutics of different molecular sizes, including antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, and adeno-associated viruses. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of molecular size on ocular drug distribution after intravitreal injection by computed tomography (CT) and to construct a mathematical model for clinical dosage and regimen optimization.

Earlier studies have reported the ability of GPNMB protein (GPNMB) to promote osteoblast differentiation and function. However, the realization of clinical potential of GPNMB in bone regeneration will require suitable delivery systems to overcome challenges pertaining to poor dosing and poor retention at target sites. Distribution of osteogenic therapeutics away from the desired bone regeneration sites has been linked to serious adverse effects.

The nonpsychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) has shown a wide range of pharmacological effects that are beneficial for wound healing. However, its local delivery is challenged by a very low aqueous solubility.

To develop and optimize myricetin-loaded inhalable microspheres using ionotropic gelation technique for sustained pulmonary delivery in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) treatment.

There are no preventive and few therapeutic options for melanoma, an aggressive skin cancer, especially in situations where N-Ras mutations are present. The new pan-Ras inhibitor ADT-007 has promise for treating melanoma. This study aimed to prepare a topical molecular targeted drug for prevention or treatment of early-stage melanoma using ultraflexible liposomes (UFLs) dispersed in a carbomer gel.

Orodispersible films (ODF) blend the dose accuracy of solid dosage forms and the ease of administration of liquid dosage forms, hence offer many advantages. This study investigated the feasibility of two extrusion-based 3D printing techniques (pneumatic and syringe) to fabricate ODFs in a benchtop setting.

Nanoparticles (NPs), due to their small size and large surface area, have advanced their use as drug carriers for delivering various therapeutic molecules. When entering biological environments, nanoparticles typically adsorb proteins, forming a surface layer known as a protein corona that significantly affects the biological and therapeutic functions of a delivery system. Understanding and predicting protein adsorption is essential for optimizing nanoparticle design in drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapy. Machine learning and deep learning (ML/DL) offer promising methods for designing nanoparticles with specific properties, particularly given recent advancements in computation and nanoparticle analysis. This review explores ML/DL studies of nanoparticle-protein interactions and emphasizes the popularity of Random Forest (RF) and Deep Learning (DL) models in predicting protein corona compositions. RF models are highly valued for managing high-dimensional data and offering interpretability, which helps identify key NP features influencing protein adsorption. Conversely, DL excels at modeling non-linear relationships and detecting subtle interaction patterns. While most current research focuses on protein coronas, future models may also include other biocorona components. This is particularly relevant for soft materials, such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which are now approved for delivering mRNA and peptide-based vaccines. Our findings underscore the need for advanced modeling techniques and high-quality, diverse experimental data to drive innovations in nanomedicine. Combining RF and DL approaches leverages their complementary strengths to overcome the challenge of limited experimental data and further improve NP designs for biomedical use.

Globally, a significant overlap exists between females affected by HIV and HSV-2 infections, and who have an unmet need for contraception. Intravaginal rings (IVRs) have become widely accepted by women worldwide for contraception and hormone replacement therapy and provide a promising platform as a multipurpose prevention technology (MPT).

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have emerged as promising cancer therapeutics by regulating gene expression, halting cell cycle progression, and inducing apoptosis. This study explores the structure-activity relationship of 2-mercaptoquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives as potential anticancer agents and HDAC inhibitors.

Cardiac amyloidosis caused by amyloid light chain proteins is a life-threatening manifestation of systemic amyloid light chain amyloidosis, yet it remains underrecognized. This review explores the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cardiac involvement in amyloid light chain amyloidosis, focusing on two key pathways: the physical disruption from extracellular amyloid deposition and direct cardiotoxicity from circulating light chains, which induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Emerging therapies, including cellular immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells and bispecific antibodies, plasma cell-directed agents, and strategies that promote amyloid fibril removal or restore cardiomyocyte function are also evaluated. Despite advances, challenges persist in managing toxicities, accelerating amyloid clearance, and validating treatments in broader populations. Future efforts should prioritize early diagnosis, optimized combination therapies, mass spectrometry-driven drug discovery, and the development of reliable human in vitro and animal models to better recapitulate disease mechanisms and facilitate therapeutic development.

This work aims to develop an electrochemical biosensor for the analysis of zidovudine (ZDV) in commercial tablets.

Therapeutic proteins are playing an increasingly important role in marketed drugs and clinical candidates. However, their development still faces major challenges, particularly aggregation.

Microneedle technologies have emerged as a promising approach to improve intradermal drug delivery. This study presents a comprehensive workflow for fabricating polymeric microneedle arrays utilising ultrahigh-resolution 3-dimensional (3D) printing and silicone mould fabrication.

The purpose of this review is to provide a concise overview of phytochemicals and their possible effects on gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies via modification of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade. Abnormal activation of the MAPK pathway significantly contributes to GI cancer progression and is associated with various facets of cancer, including cellular proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Although standard medications are essential for managing GI cancers, their side effects frequently present considerable obstacles to the patient's quality of life. Thus, there is increasing emphasis on phytochemicals that are safe, non-toxic, and multitargeted properties. In recent years, phytochemicals have garnered significant interest in antitumor therapy, leveraging their multifaceted signaling regulatory actions to activate several biological mechanisms, thereby offering substantial benefits in tumor inhibition. These phytochemicals have the ability to reduce tumor development and induce cancer cell death by selectively inhibiting several components of the MAPK pathway in in vitro and in vivo GI cancer models. Thus, this review highlights the current knowledge on phytochemicals that modulate MAPK pathway in GI cancers, their mode of action along with their limitations. In conclusion, phytochemicals offer a promising strategy for addressing dysregulation of the MAPK pathway in gastrointestinal cancer, necessitating further investigation.