The recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) brings significant morbidity to people with diabetes and adds to healthcare costs. According to current guidelines, a DFU is considered healed when it is re-epithelialized, and the wound closure is maintained for around 2 weeks. However, recent literature suggests that the mechanical properties of the underlying plantar tissues remain altered, thus making the foot vulnerable to recurrence. The period lasting several weeks post-DFU healing can be termed the 'transition phase'. This review aimed at exploring this critical phase, with an emphasis on the roles of tissue mechanics and current offloading strategies. An extensive search was performed on PubMed to identify studies on the mechanical properties of the tissues and preventative strategies in the post-healing period. Following the analysis of titles and abstracts, 57 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The analysis of the literature revealed that studies are primarily focused on offloading interventions during the remission phase to mitigate long-term ulceration risks. The physiological needs of the still-vulnerable plantar soft tissue after DFU healing are seldom assessed, and no strict differentiation between re-ulceration and recurrent ulceration has been found. According to this review, there is a need for developing beyond state-of-the-art solutions targeting pressure relief and footwear adherence, which consider the varying physiological conditions of the skin and underlying tissue in the transition phase, and the different risk categories and independent risk factors.

CAC-guided management framework for adults with diabetes.

To examine the association of insulin therapy with in-hospital death and whether this association is mediated by elevated plasma volume among chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Dickkopf1 (DKK1) is a protein with established links to metabolic diseases. However, its association with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance (IR) remains ambiguous.

In this cross-sectional study, the protective effect of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk differed between non-diabetic and diabetic individuals, with a significantly greater reduction in CHD risk observed among participants with diabetes who had higher CRF levels. These findings highlight the importance of improving CRF for CHD prevention, particularly in diabetic individuals.

Mechanisms of action and effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists on multiple organ systems relevant to obstructive sleep apnea and cardiometabolic health.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the cardiovascular complications of DM, described as the development of abnormalities of myocardial structure/function associated with DM in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and valvular disease. The disease has an insidious onset and lacks effective treatment. Studies have shown that even with effective glycemic control, the progression of DCM cannot be prevented. Exploring the pathogenesis of DCM and identifying effective intervention targets is the focus and hotspot of current research. Silent message regulator 3 (Sirtuin3, SIRT3) is one of the members of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase family of sirtuins, and studies have confirmed that SIRT3 has a protective effect on cardiovascular disease and may become a new target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this paper emphasizes the role of SIRT3 in DCM, describes the mechanism of SIRT3 in DCM, and summarizes the methods to improve DCM by elevating the level of SIRT3, aiming to provide new perspectives for treating and delaying DCM.

We previously demonstrated that achieving and maintaining ≥ 7% weight loss at 1 year in patients with diabetes (DM), through multidisciplinary intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) in real-world clinical practice, predicts improvement in cardiometabolic outcomes at 5 and 10 years. In this prospective follow-up, we report 15-year results.

Vertical transmission of microbes from a mother's gut to their offspring plays a crucial role in the genesis of the early life gut microbiome. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the commonest metabolic disorder during pregnancy, which has adverse short- and long-term effects on both maternal and infant health. We aimed to capture the GDM-associated biosignatures in infants' gut microbiome from birth to the first 6 weeks of life.

Fasting blood glucose (FBG) reflects cardiometabolic health, but the long-term effects of childhood hypertension (HTN) on adult FBG are unclear.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is recognized as one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide, representing a rapidly growing global public health concern. Despite significant advances in understanding the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of DKD, curative treatments are currently unavailable, and the reversal of established renal injury remains an elusive goal in clinical practice. Among various pathological features, aberrant angiogenesis has been closely associated with glomerular injury and the early development of proteinuria in DKD, playing a crucial role in driving disease progression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathological angiogenesis in DKD remain incompletely understood and warrant further elucidation. Recent research has increasingly implicated aquaporins (AQPs), a family of transmembrane water channel proteins, in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic kidney disorders, including DKD. In particular, aquaporin-1 (AQP1), which is highly expressed in renal tissues, has emerged as a potential modulator of angiogenic activity within the kidney microenvironment. Although AQP1 and aberrant angiogenesis have been individually explored in the context of DKD, no comprehensive review has systematically examined their interrelationship. This review consolidates current evidence regarding the role of AQP1 in pathological angiogenesis during DKD progression, highlighting its potential significance and identifying gaps that warrant further investigation.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), with increased risk already observed in the prediabetic state. This study aimed to investigate the association of insulin sensitivity, secretion, and clearance with subclinical atherosclerosis in a randomly selected cohort of Swedish adults aged 50-64 years without known diabetes.

The effects of intensive blood pressure (BP) control on adverse kidney outcomes remain undetermined.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly impairs male reproductive health, largely through hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress (OS). Elevated glucose activates detrimental metabolic pathways, notably the polyol pathway, which depletes antioxidant defenses and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). This oxidative burden damages spermatozoa, leading to reduced motility, abnormal morphology, DNA fragmentation, and disrupted membrane integrity. OS also compromises the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, lowering testosterone synthesis and impairing spermatogenesis. The formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and chronic inflammation further exacerbate Leydig and Sertoli cell dysfunction, microvascular injury, and testicular apoptosis. Clinical evidence consistently links DM to deteriorated semen parameters, hormonal imbalances, and reduced natural conception rates, with poorer outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies. Obesity and metabolic syndrome, common comorbidities in DM, amplify oxidative stress and further impair fertility potential. While seminal plasma contains enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, these defenses are often insufficient in diabetic men. Targeted interventions, including antioxidant therapy, lifestyle modifications, glycemic control, and management of comorbidities, offer promise in mitigating oxidative damage. This review synthesizes current evidence on the molecular, endocrine, and clinical consequences of DM-related oxidative stress on male fertility, underscoring the need for integrated management strategies to preserve reproductive function in diabetic men.

Longitudinal evidence of the relationship between blood pressure (BP) variability and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) among individuals with type 2 diabetes is limited. Therefore, we evaluated the association between BP variability and ESKD in Korean adults with type 2 diabetes.