Spinal melanocytic tumors are rare, with limited data on their clinical course and aggressiveness. Since intraoperative dark pigmentation and infiltrative margins can lead to misclassification of MC as MM-especially in the absence of a known primary-this multicenter study characterizes melanocytomas (MC) and contrasts them with malignant melanoma (MM).

Chloroquine (CQ) has been studied for over 50 years as a potential adjuvant to cancer therapy. However, clinical studies investigating CQ combined with radiotherapy for brain tumors have yielded conflicting results. We aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the safety and efficacy of adjuvant CQ with radiotherapy for treatment of high-grade gliomas (HGG) and brain metastases.

Various immune cells infiltrate glioma tissues and secrete inflammatory mediators. This study aimed to identify inflammatory mediators in the CSF that are indicative of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and have prognostic significance in patients with glioma.

Molecular profiling has significantly advanced neuro-oncology, enabling the integration of biomarkers into the diagnosis and management of brain tumors. Precision medicine is emerging as a promising strategy; however, the marked heterogeneity of central nervous system tumors results in a low prevalence of actionable targets, limiting clinical applicability. Despite these challenges, ongoing progress in genetics and molecular biology offers new opportunities for targeted therapies. The incidence and clinical relevance of biomarkers vary across tumor types and age groups, reflecting the biological complexity of brain neoplasms throughout life.

Brain metastases (BM) are among the most common intracranial tumors. Despite advances in multimodal therapy for newly diagnosed BM, the management of recurrent BM remains a clinical challenge. Due to the lack of robust data, there is currently no consensus regarding optimal salvage treatment for recurrent BM.

Temozolomide (TMZ) with concomitant radiation is the standard therapy for treating glioblastomas (GBM) and is dosed based on body surface area (BSA) using a goal dose of 75 mg/m. Neurooncologists have different methods of dosing patients, with some dosing within 5 mg of the calculated dose and others rounding to reduce patient burden. We aimed to determine the effect of rounded doses of TMZ on survival.

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most deadly brain tumors through its invasiveness, rapid growth, its immunosuppressive microenvironment, and limited treatment options. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is an MR-guided, minimally invasive ablation technique increasingly used in GBM management. This narrative review examines how LITT modulates the glioma microenvironment and explores its therapeutic implications. We cover both preclinical and clinical studies and synthesize the effects of LITT on immune activation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and thermal dynamics in gliomas. LITT generates three spatially distinct thermal zones, promoting damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) release, immune cell activation, and transient BBB disruption. These changes may help convert immunologically "cold" gliomas into "hot" tumors and enhance the delivery of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and viral or gene-based therapies. Technical limitations, such as the heat sink effect near vascular structures, are increasingly addressed through innovations like dual-fiber systems and advanced thermal modeling. LITT is emerging as much more than a cytoreductive tool for unresectable glioma; it may provide a platform for immune modulation and therapeutic enhancement in glioma care. Potential benefits of LITT's interaction with the microenvironment and the BBB include: (1) recruitment and mobilization of the immune system to better target cancerous cells; (2) improved penetration of existing therapies; (3) which enables a lower effective dose for previously barred-drugs, reducing peripheral adverse effects; (4) improved potential for peripheral liquid biopsy. Optimizing treatment timing, patient selection, and combination protocols will be essential to fully harness LITT's biological effects and improve clinical outcomes.

Brain metastasis (BrM) resulting from thyroid cancer remains poorly characterized despite its significant impact on patient outcomes. The current study aims to combine clinical features with genomic sequencing data to identify potential prognostic variables in thyroid cancer BrM.

For larger meningiomas, higher radiation doses need to be delivered to the tumor, increasing the chances of radiation induced toxicity. Hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (HSRS) imparts overall high dose in small multiple fractions, minimising this risk over single session SRS (SSRS). This meta analysis was conducted to homogenize the role of SRS for large meningiomas (> 8 cc) and run a comparative analysis between HSRS and SSRS.