L1CAM (CD171) is suggested to play a critical role in cancer. Because of its expression in only few normal tissues and its membranous nature, L1CAM is a promising drug target. Patient/material and methods: To clarify the role of L1CAM expression in different cancer types, a tissue microarray containing 20,079 samples from 135 different tumor entities and 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Little is known about how pulmonary nodules are managed in routine clinical care. We examined their occurrence, the use of computed tomography (CT) scans, referrals to cancer pathways, and the risk of lung cancer and death post-diagnosis.

Successful clinical integration of pMBRT requires comprehensive investigations of the relationship between various pMBRT parameters and their associated biological effects. Such investigations are critically dependent on small animal models. Therefore, a state-of-the-art small animal irradiation platform like SIRMIO (Small Animal Proton Irradiator for Research in Molecular Image-guided Radiation-Oncology), capable of delivering precisely controlled spatially fractionated doses, is highly desirable for advancing preclinical pMBRT research.

Radioligand therapy targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) with lutetium-177 PSMA (¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA) compounds has emerged as an effective treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The KuPSMALu trial evaluated the real-world efficacy and safety of in-house produced ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA imaging & therapy (I&T) for mCRPC patients in a public healthcare setting and assessed whether selection based on ¹⁸F-PSMA-PET and contrast-enhanced CT - without FDG-PET - provides favourable oncological outcomes.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of argon-helium cryoablation combined with Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors versus PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patient/material and methods: In this single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial, 60 NSCLC patients treated between December 2020 and December 2023 were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either a study group (argon-helium cryoablation + PD-1 inhibitor, n = 30) or a control group (PD-1 inhibitor + chemotherapy, n = 30). Allocation was concealed using sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes (SNOSE). Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included short-term efficacy - objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) - immune function changes (CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+), and adverse reactions, assessed after four cycles and during a 1-year follow-up.

While adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitors (abemaciclib and ribociclib) have improved invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) in ER-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer (EBC) in the MonarchE and NATALEE trials, their real-world applicability in Denmark remains unclear. This study evaluates Danish patients meeting comparable high-risk criteria and their outcomes, hypothesizing that a substantial proportion could benefit from additional adjuvant treatment options.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) can affect return to work and sustained work  participation. While employment rates have been studied, less is known about how survivors manage work demands after returning, despite frequent long-term symptoms. This study investigated work participation and perceived work functioning 12 and 24 months after surgery. Patient/material and methods: Data stemmed from a Danish late sequelae screening programme including CRC patients aged ≥18 years who were affiliated with the labour market at diagnosis (2021-2024). Participants reported employment status, work role functioning, and work ability. Clinical data were retrieved from a national database. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for cancer type, sex, and age, assessed factors associated with work functioning.

c-Met (also known as MET) protein is encoded by the MET proto-oncogene. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), c-Met protein overexpression (OE) drives tumorigenesis and is a therapeutic target, given recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of telisotuzumab vedotin-tllv. This retrospective analysis of tumor samples and clinical data from real-world patients with non-squamous NSCLC characterized the prevalence of c-Met protein OE, its association with messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression, MET gene amplification, programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and its impact on prognosis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of omitting radioiodine (RAI) ablation in low-risk papillary thyroid cancer.

The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effects of upper, lower and upper-lower extremity combined resistance training (RT) in breast cancer survivors.

Hormone-receptor-positive/HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) early-stage breast cancers (EBCs) display heterogenous responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) warranting biomarkers to tailor optimal treatment for individual patients.

Social inequality is a growing problem throughout the cancer trajectory. Since 2019, the Danish Research Center for Equality in Cancer (COMPAS) has therefore, through seven work packages developed and tested various methodologies, approaches, and interventions to promote social equality in cancer from diagnosis to end of life. This study aimed to synthesize the knowledge generated across the work packages to provide guiding principles for promoting social equity across the cancer trajectory.

Advances in lymphoma treatment lead to a growing population of lymphoma survivors in childbearing ages who might be concerned about the impact of their disease on their children's health. In this study, we aim to explore healthcare utilisation patterns that were associated with parental history of lymphoma.

Accurate dose plans in proton radiotherapy with consistent target in complex anatomical regions such as the brain are crucial. This study investigates a Swin Transformer-based deep learning model for voxel-wise dose prediction in brain cancer proton therapy, evaluating its spatial and dosimetric fidelity against clinically delivered plans. Patient/material and methods: A cohort of 206 patients with primary brain tumors were retrospectively analyzed. Dual-energy computed tomography (CT) scans, clinical contours, and corresponding proton dose plans were used to train and test a 3D Swin Transformer integrated within a UNet architecture. The model was evaluated on an independent test set (n = 20) using 3D gamma analysis (3%/3 mm), mean absolute error (MAE), and clinical target volume (CTV) coverage (V95%). Mean dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were compared across CTV.

Smoking status, health literacy challenges and chronic diseases may influence the diagnostic evaluation of patients presenting with lung cancer symptoms (LCSs) in general practice. This study aimed to (1) analyse associations between smoking status, health literacy, chronic disease and having completed diagnostic imaging amongst patients with LCSs in Danish general practice and (2) investigate how these factors interact in relation to the completion of diagnostic imaging, by examining effect modification and causal mediation. Patient/material and methods: In 2022, a random sample of 100,000 individuals aged ≥ 20 years from the Danish population was invited to participate in a survey about symptoms and healthcare seeking. This study included individuals aged ≥ 40 years who reported general practitioner (GP) contact with LCSs. Questionnaire data included health literacy, chronic disease and smoking status. Register data included socioeconomics, prescription drugs and diagnostic imaging. Descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression and causal mediation models were applied.

Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) contributes to the economic burden. Over the past decade, treatment has evolved with the introduction of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-targeted, and immune-oncology (IO) drugs. However, limited evidence exists on the long-term costs of mNSCLC treatments in Sweden. Patient/material and methods: This population-based retrospective study used data from the National Board of Health and Welfare, identifying patients initially diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC between 2011 and 2020. Healthcare costs, including inpatient care, outpatient care, and drug expenses, were assessed using Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) tariffs and prescription data. Drug expenses exceeding DRG tariff limits, such as IO drugs, were calculated separately based on retail list prices. Costs were analyzed over 5 years post-diagnosis and adjusted to 2023 values.

Robust methods for analysis and prediction of local cell survival after spatially fractionated radiotherapy (SFRT) in vitro remain limited. We present a methodology integrating spatial dosimetry with colony formation assessment and modelling to improve prediction of SFRT-induced responses. Patient/material and methods: A549 lung cancer cells were irradiated with 220 kV X-rays in three field patterns: open, striped, and dotted. Colony centroid locations were mapped from scanned images of culture flasks. Dose distributions were measured using radiochromic film dosimetry. Digital images with colony locations and dose maps were divided into 1 mm² quadrats. A Poisson regression model was fitted to colony counts per quadrat, incorporating linear-quadratic (LQ) model parameters α and β. A modified LQ (MLQ) model included an additional interaction between dose and nearest distance to a peak region, with parameter δ.

The study aims to evaluate dosimetric properties of hypofractionated treatment plans integrating focal boost, using registered whole-mount histopathology (WMHP) as reference standard.