β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) secreting tumors causing gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty (GIPP) are rare. This case underscores the diagnostic difficulties presented by these tumors.

Endocrine science remains underrepresented in European Union research programs despite the fundamental role of hormone health in human well-being. Analysis of the CORDIS database reveals a persistent gap between the societal impact of endocrine disorders and their research prioritization. At national funding level, endocrine societies report limited or little attention of national research funding toward endocrinology. The EndoCompass project - a joint initiative between the European Society of Endocrinology and the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology, aimed to identify and promote strategic research priorities in endocrine science to address critical hormone-related health challenges.

Endocrine science remains underrepresented in European Union research programs despite the fundamental role of hormone health in human well-being. Analysis of the CORDIS database reveals a persistent gap between the societal impact of endocrine disorders and their research prioritization. At the national funding level, endocrine societies report limited or little attention of national research funding toward endocrinology. The EndoCompass project - a joint initiative between the European Society of Endocrinology and the European Society of Pediatric Endocrinology - aimed to identify and promote strategic research priorities in endocrine science to address critical hormone-related health challenges.

Endocrine science remains underrepresented in European Union research programmes despite the fundamental role of hormone health in human well-being. Analysis of the CORDIS database reveals a persistent gap between the societal impact of endocrine disorders and their research prioritization. At national funding level, endocrine societies report limited or little attention of national research funding towards endocrinology. The EndoCompass project - a joint initiative between the European Society of Endocrinology and the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology - aimed to identify and promote strategic research priorities in endocrine science to address critical hormone-related health challenges.

Endocrine science remains under-represented in European Union (EU) research programmes despite the fundamental role of hormone health in human wellbeing. Analysis of the CORDIS database reveals a persistent gap between the societal impact of endocrine disorders and their research prioritisation. At the national funding level, endocrine societies report limited or little attention of national research funding towards endocrinology. The EndoCompass project - a joint initiative between the European Society of Endocrinology and the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology, aimed to identify and promote strategic research priorities in endocrine science to address critical hormone-related health challenges.

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycaemia in children. At least 10 monogenic causes and 28 syndromes have been reported to be associated with CHI. The aim of this study was to evaluate epidemiologic data and genetic background of persistent nonsyndromic CHI in Slovakia.

Endocrine science remains underrepresented in European Union research programs despite the fundamental role of hormone health in human well-being. Analysis of the CORDIS database reveals a persistent gap between the societal impact of endocrine disorders and their research prioritization. At national funding level, endocrine societies report limited or little attention of national research funding towards endocrinology. The EndoCompass project - a joint initiative between the European Society of Endocrinology and the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology, aimed to identify and promote strategic research priorities in endocrine science to address critical hormone-related health challenges.

Introduction Prepubertal gynecomastia (PG) and juvenile macromastia (JM) are rare breast overgrowth phenotypes arising from hormonal or genetic abnormalities. While many cases reflect physiological or endocrine variation, a subset may involve increased peripheral aromatization driven by genomic factors. The molecular basis remains unknown in many idiopathic cases. We evaluated whether copy-number variations (CNVs) in CYP19A1 and other estrogen-related genes are associated with PG or JM. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of 17 patients suspected of aromatase excess syndrome: 10 boys with PG and 7 girls with JM. Clinical and hormonal data at diagnosis and follow-up were reviewed. After excluding numerical and structural chromosomal anomalies, genome-wide oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was analyzed in Agilent Genomics Workbench (GRCh37/hg19). CNVs were interrogated across estrogen-related genes, including CYP19A1. As comparators, 988 individuals evaluated by aCGH at the same center for unrelated indications and without breast overgrowth served as controls. Results No pathogenic CNVs were observed in CYP19A1 or the other estrogen-related genes. By contrast, a recurrent 65.2-kilobase (kb) deletion spanning the OR4P4-OR4S2-OR4C6 olfactory-receptor cluster at 11q11 occurred in 40.0% (4/10) of PG and 57.1% (4/7) of JM cases, in this cohort, overall, versus 3.4% (34/988) of controls, suggesting a strong association. Estimated risk ratio were 11-fold higher in PG and 16-fold higher in JM. Conclusion Although estrogen-gene CNVs were not detected, the OR4P4-OR4S2-OR4C6 deletion may represent an under-recognized genomic contributor to idiopathic PG and JM. Prospective studies with tissue-level validation and functional assays are needed to confirm clinical significance and clarify mechanism.

Endocrine science remains underrepresented in European Union research programmes despite the fundamental role of hormone health in human well-being. Analysis of the CORDIS database reveals a persistent gap between the societal impact of endocrine disorders and their research prioritization. At national funding level, endocrine societies report limited or little attention of national research funding towards endocrinology. The EndoCompass project - a joint initiative between the European Society of Endocrinology and the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology, aimed to identify and promote strategic research priorities in endocrine science to address critical hormone-related health challenges.

Endocrine science remains underrepresented in European Union research programmes despite the fundamental role of hormone health in human wellbeing. Analysis of the CORDIS database reveals a persistent gap between the societal impact of endocrine disorders and their research prioritisation. At the national funding level, endocrine societies report limited or little attention of national research funding towards endocrinology. The EndoCompass project - a joint initiative between the European Society of Endocrinology and the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology - aimed to identify and promote strategic research priorities in endocrine science to address critical hormone-related health challenges.

Endocrine science remains underrepresented in European Union research programmes despite the fundamental role of hormone health in human wellbeing. Analysis of the CORDIS database reveals a persistent gap between the societal impact of endocrine disorders and their research prioritization. At national funding level, endocrine societies report limited or little attention of national research funding towards endocrinology. The EndoCompass project - a joint initiative between the European Society of Endocrinology and the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology, aimed to identify and promote strategic research priorities in endocrine science to address critical hormone-related health challenges.

Endocrine science remains underrepresented in European Union research programmes despite the fundamental role of hormone health in human well-being. Analysis of the CORDIS database reveals a persistent gap between the societal impact of endocrine disorders and their research prioritization. At national funding level, endocrine societies report limited or little attention of national research funding towards endocrinology. The EndoCompass project - a joint initiative between the European Society of Endocrinology and the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology - aimed to identify and promote strategic research priorities in endocrine science to address critical hormone-related health challenges.

Endocrine science remains underrepresented in European Union research programmes despite the fundamental role of hormone health in human well-being. Analysis of the CORDIS database reveals a persistent gap between the societal impact of endocrine disorders and their research prioritization. At the national funding level, endocrine societies report limited or little attention of national research funding towards endocrinology. The EndoCompass project - a joint initiative between the European Society of Endocrinology and the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology, aimed to identify and promote strategic research priorities in endocrine science to address critical hormone-related health challenges.

Endocrine science remains underrepresented in European Union research programs despite the fundamental role of hormone health in human wellbeing. Analysis of the CORDIS database reveals a persistent gap between the societal impact of endocrine disorders and their research prioritization. At national funding level, endocrine societies report limited or little attention of national research funding towards endocrinology. The EndoCompass project - a joint initiative between the European Society of Endocrinology and the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology, aimed to identify and promote strategic research priorities in endocrine science to address critical hormone-related health challenges.

Endocrine science remains underrepresented in European Union research programs despite the fundamental role of hormone health in human wellbeing. Analysis of the CORDIS database reveals a persistent gap between the societal impact of endocrine disorders and their research prioritization. At national funding level, endocrine societies report limited or little attention of national research funding toward endocrinology. The EndoCompass project - a joint initiative between the European Society of Endocrinology and the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology, aimed to identify and promote strategic research priorities in endocrine science to address critical hormone-related health challenges.

Endocrine science remains underrepresented in European Union research programmes despite the fundamental role of hormone health in human well-being. Analysis of the CORDIS database reveals a persistent gap between the societal impact of endocrine disorders and their research prioritization. At national funding level, endocrine societies report limited or little attention of national research funding towards endocrinology. The EndoCompass project - a joint initiative between the European Society of Endocrinology and the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology, aimed to identify and promote strategic research priorities in endocrine science to address critical hormone-related health challenges.

Despite the substantial societal impact of prevalent endocrine diseases like obesity, diabetes, infertility, and thyroid disorders, plus over 440 rare endocrine conditions, it remains unclear whether endocrine science receives adequate research funding to address present and future health challenges.