Calls for service (CFS) to 911 are one way to assess both community safety and public health needs. While an abundance of literature demonstrates that conditions within the neighborhood environment may contribute to violent- and property-related CFS, limited research is available on the association between neighborhood environment and non-crime related CFS, which constitute the majority of 911 calls and present avoidable risks due to police intervention. Furthermore, many studies fail to distinguish between police-initiated and public-initiated CFS, despite public-initiated calls theoretically representing a recognized need from residents rather than what is observed by policing alone. The current study therefore seeks to improve our understanding of how community needs align with neighborhood resource allocation by examining spatiotemporal associations between non-violent, public-initiated CFS and neighborhood characteristics in Durham, North Carolina.

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, a systemic disorder often initiated by adipose tissue dysfunction, is an emerging concept for integrated risk assessment. Although the link between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is established, the optimal anthropometric index for predicting CVD risk across different stages of CKM syndrome remains undetermined.

The syndemic of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection remains a critical global health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings where conventional epidemiological models fail to capture the complex evolutionary dynamics between pathogens, hosts, and interventions. Current approaches lack adaptive mechanisms to account for temporal changes in transmission parameters and quality of life (QoL) impacts, creating an urgent need for innovative modeling frameworks.

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a significant reservoir for active tuberculosis development. Identifying key risk factors is crucial for prevention strategies. Machine learning techniques can uncover complex relationships between risk factors and disease outcomes.

The speed and complexity of transmitting health misinformation through social media can lead to the transfer of information that causes irreparable damage to the state of health, control, and prevention of diseases. This research aimed to identify the prerequisites and best strategies for combating health misinformation on social media.

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of food security and scarcity perception on sustainable and balanced dietary preferences among university students and to evaluate the regulatory role of nutrition literacy in these relationships.

Stunting is a serious health problem in Egypt. Stunting rates and height-for-age z-score (HAZ) distributions changed notably in Egypt over time, yet the factors that led to these changes remain unknown. This study examines the factors associated with these changes and provides important considerations for designing interventions to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of ending all forms of malnutrition by 2030.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases have risen in Japan since recommendations for the HPV vaccine were suspended in 2013. This study evaluated the public health benefit of extending the current 3-year nonavalent HPV (9vHPV) catch-up vaccination program for females 17-26 years of age to 6 years.

Public stroke campaigns may have informational gaps, which are essential to identify to improve outcomes in stroke awareness and response. We evaluated the impact of a national stroke campaign on knowledge of stroke, and symptom recognition, in relation to educational level.

The etiological pathways through which structural determinants result in health inequities remain unclear. In adolescent populations, a sense of meaning and purpose in life has been hypothesized and considered cross-sectionally to represent an intermediary determinant in the pathway that connects wealth with mental health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to prospectively explore how life meaning and purpose contributes to disparities in mental health observed by affluence in an adolescent cohort.

The COVID-19 pandemic and its measures have profoundly affected adolescents' lives, including their health behaviors. As a host of research indicates that adolescent health behaviors cluster together and that adolescents can respond differently to the pandemic, we examined adolescents' changes in clusters of health behaviors and its correlates during different phases of the pandemic.

The recognition of poor sleep quality is a significant health issue since there is a paucity of comprehensive data on sleep quality in women and the previous studies that have no providing a holistic understanding of the issue across different stages of women's lives. Therefore, conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of poor sleep quality and associated factors among women in Ethiopia is an essential to provide actionable insights for healthcare providers and policymakers.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood, frequently persisting into adolescence and adulthood. It is associated with a wide range of comorbid psychiatric and behavioral conditions. While emerging evidence suggests that social and environmental factors may influence the development and expression of ADHD symptoms, large-scale studies incorporating longitudinal data on early-life environmental exposures remain limited. Given the cross-sectional design of this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency and duration of outdoor activities among preschool children during infancy (0-1 years) and toddlerhood (1-3 years), and to examine their associations with ADHD symptoms.

Immunization rates for vaccine-preventable diseases remain well below targets worldwide, leading to unnecessary morbidity and mortality, and heavy economic burdens to healthcare systems and workforces. One promising avenue to improve vaccine coverage is through the public's acceptance and use of pharmacists as immunizers; yet, at present, pharmacists remain underutilized for vaccine uptake by the public. Further study is needed on how to improve the perceptions and use of pharmacists as immunizers.

On January 31, 2023, Health Canada granted British Columbia (BC) a three-year (2023-2026) exemption under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA), decriminalizing the personal possession of up to 2.5 g of certain unregulated drugs among adults (18+) without arrest, seizure of drugs, or criminal penalty. A key objective was to increase awareness, engagement, and retention in harm reduction (HR) and opioid agonist treatment (OAT) services by reducing stigma and enhancing service access. In May 2024, however, the policy was amended to re-criminalize drug use and possession in public spaces. This study examines how decriminalization and its subsequent amendment affected HR and OAT service operations from the perspective of service providers across BC.