Oxidative stress (OS) is a critical factor in male infertility, where excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) impair sperm quality and DNA integrity. Although physiological ROS levels support sperm maturation, imbalance can trigger oxidative or reductive stress (RS), both harmful to fertility. Thus, empirical antioxidant therapy without confirmed OS may be unwarranted and risk overtreatment.

Tran et al. synthesized seven studies ( = 2,057) comparing frozen-thawed cleavage embryos cultured to blastocyst then transferred (FT-CDB) with direct frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer (DFB) in vitrification cycles. They found higher odds of clinical pregnancy and live birth with FT-CDB and no difference in neonatal birth weight. We discuss implications for laboratories weighing thaw-and-extend versus direct blastocyst transfer, emphasizing estimands per oocyte retrieval/intention-to-treat, workflow metrics, and laboratory-level covariates. Context from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews suggests cumulative live birth may converge, highlighting the need for target-trial emulation and transparent reporting to inform clinical decision-making and guideline development.

Piezo-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (piezo-ICSI) is increasingly used to reduce mechanical damage during sperm injection. In the recent study by Ashibe et al., placing the first polar body (PB) at the 2 or 4 o'clock position ("para-PB piezo") improved immediate oocyte survival versus conventional 6/12 o'clock orientation, without negatively affecting blastocyst formation or chromosomal integrity in bovine oocytes. The proposed mechanism is that drilling through the wider perivitelline gap reduces oolemma perturbation and secondary Ca influx. We comment herein on: (1) the need for reporting effect sizes with confidence intervals; (2) the imperfect correspondence between PB orientation and spindle location and the value of combining para-PB with spindle imaging; (3) mechanistic studies combining Ca imaging, cortical cytoskeleton labeling, and standardized pulse logging; and (4) a recommended path toward human randomized trials with usable-blastocyst yield and euploidy as endpoints. With these refinements, para-PB orientation could be a low-complexity improvement to piezo-ICSI protocols.

To investigate how two methods for managing early miscarriage after frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles impact live birth rates and other reproductive and perinatal outcomes in subsequent FET cycles without preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A).

Considering the immune-related etiology of RIF, administration of an immunomodulatory approach such as autologous PBMCs seems to be helpful in modifying the dysregulated immune responses.

Conization for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2-3) often harms obstetric outcomes. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with talaporfin sodium provides a cervix-sparing alternative with short photosensitivity. We investigated the efficacy and safety of talaporfin-PDT for CIN2-3.

The optimal GnRH agonist (GnRHa) dosing for ovulation triggering remains controversial, particularly regarding oocyte competence versus OHSS mitigation. Here, we analyzed the repeated dose of GnRHa as a trigger of ovulation on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) results.

To identify risk factors that predict the persistence of noncyclical pelvic pain in patients with endometriosis despite receiving hormone therapy.

The selection of high-quality spermatozoa affects embryo quality and, consequently, the success rates of clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a cumulus cell-based sperm selection method for identifying high-quality spermatozoa and to determine whether this process enhances ICSI clinical outcomes.

This study investigated the cryoprotective and antioxidant effects of lavender hydroalcoholic extract-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle (LHE-SLN) during handling, freezing, and thawing of NMRI mouse sperm.

Maternal age-related fertility decline is considered to be directly attributed to either embryonic or endometrial factors. Aneuploidy, as the dominant defect in aging embryos, has long diverted attention away from the effects of endometrial senescence. By analyzing the outcomes of euploid blastocyst transfers verified through preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A), we aimed to corroborate impaired endometrial receptivity among older women and determine whether the aging uterus also contributes to pregnancy maintenance.

The present study examined the relationship between Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) concentrations in follicular fluid (FF) and AMH gene expression levels in granulosa cells (GCs) and the embryological outcomes of retrieved oocytes.

To evaluate the applicability of overseas-approved dosage of relugolix combination tablets (relugolix 40 mg, estradiol [E2] 1 mg, and norethisterone acetate 0.5 mg) in healthy premenopausal Japanese women.

The influence of culture media used during in vitro fertilization (IVF) on offspring phenotype remains controversial. However, specific effects of short exposure time after fertilization remain underexplored. By evaluating Ca oscillations as a readout of the first response of eggs to their microenvironment, we aim to investigate if early differences correlate with later adult phenotypes.

This study evaluated the effects of double-layer interrupted sutures (DIS) and double-layer continuous sutures (DCS) on uterine blood flow and residual myometrial thickness (RMT) in cynomolgus monkeys after cesarean section (CS).

We demonstrated that briefly treating ovaries with collagenase before exposure to a hyperosmotic solution preserved secondary follicles. However, preserving antral follicles remained difficult. We investigated whether the absence of lipids in warming (thawing) solution is a limiting factor.

To develop and validate a predictive model for live birth following single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer (SVBT) by integrating early pregnancy ultrasound radiomics with clinical parameters.

To explore how intimate hygiene practices and related products-such as feminine washes, wipes, and lubricants-affect the vaginal microbiome.

Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are developmental malformations of the female genital tract that present as a series of abnormalities within the reproductive tracts of females. The etiology of MDAs is complex and heterogeneous, especially genetic factors.

This study aimed to identify factors influencing the accuracy and effectiveness of non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (niPGT-A) and develop clinical integration workflows to provide alternative embryo assessment and improve pregnancy outcomes.

Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles consisting of a central core of neutral lipids covered by a single layer of phospholipids and are found in most eukaryotic cells. It has long been known that mammalian oocytes accumulate different amounts of LDs between animals; however, it is largely unknown why LD content varies from animal to animal and its physiological role remains unclear. Reflecting the growing interest in LDs in mammalian oocyte and early embryos, several comprehensive reviews have appeared in the last few years, but none have reviewed methods for visualizing and analyzing LDs stored in oocytes or fertilized eggs.