To examine the persistent global disparities in breast cancer outcomes, focusing on inequities in access to essential therapeutics, diagnostics, and emerging innovations, while highlighting current policy actions and international initiatives addressing these gaps.

The aim of this study was to examine the role of proxy-reported outcomes in oncology, particularly in neuro-oncology, where cognitive impairment and disease progression often limit patients' ability to self-report. With increasing emphasis on patient-centered care and regulatory requirements for clinical outcome assessments (COAs), it is essential to understand when and how proxy reports can substitute or complement patient-reported outcomes (PROs), particularly in the assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Reirradiation has emerged as a potentially valuable treatment strategy for recurrent glioblastoma, a disease characterized by inevitable local progression despite aggressive multimodal first-line therapy. Recent advances in radiotherapy techniques, improved patient selection, and evolving systemic treatment combinations have renewed clinical interest in this approach. This is reflected by recent publication of the first international consensus guidelines (ESTRO/EANO) and the initiation of an European phase III randomized trial on reirradiation of patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

Oligometastatic adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) represents a distinct clinical subset of metastatic disease characterized by a limited tumor burden and potentially indolent biology. This review summarizes current evidence on its definition and management strategies.

Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) who present with leukocytosis are considered high-risk due to lower relapse-free survival when treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and anthracycline-based chemotherapy. The discovery and incorporation of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in therapeutic regimens for high-risk patients have led to improved survival, but there is no consensus on the optimal treatment approach. This review addresses reduction in early death and explores questions of regimen selection, including the choice of induction, consolidation, and maintenance, as well as the use of prophylactic adjunctive therapies, while examining clinical trial and real-world evidence.

This review aims to summarize the current clinical evidence and future perspectives on the use of antiandrogen therapies in metastatic breast cancer, focusing on hormone receptor-positive and triple-negative subtypes, expressing androgen receptor (AR). We discuss recent clinical trials evaluating AR-targeted agents and explore mechanisms of resistance and novel therapeutic strategies.

To review the current evidence and inform clinical guidance on the implications of incomplete ovarian function suppression (OFS), the utility of serum estradiol (E2) monitoring, and appropriate management strategies in premenopausal women with early breast cancer (eBC) receiving adjuvant luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LHRHa)-based therapy for OFS.

CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has transformed outcomes for relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), yet nearly half of treated patients relapse, and toxicities remain frequent. A deeper understanding of response predictors is urgently needed to guide patient selection, treatment optimization, and development of rational combination strategies.

Measurable residual disease (MRD) is a reliable biomarker measuring the quality of morphological complete remission in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This review will illustrate the settings where, along with drug development, MRD monitoring is by itself an actionable therapeutic target and represents not only a prognostic marker but a predictive marker of response, prompting a further relevant progress toward personalized medicine.

Vorasidenib has demonstrated efficacy in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant grade 2 gliomas that do not require immediate oncological treatment. Here, we summarize open questions regarding its long-term benefit, its optimal use in IDH-mutant grade 2 gliomas as well as its potential use in grade 3 and 4 IDH-mutant gliomas.

Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality, faces persistent challenges like resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy. This review comprehensively outlines the evolving role of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), summarizing their mechanisms, clinical findings, and future directions. It is timely given emerging data and novel bsAbs that may reshape lung cancer treatment.

Brain metastases occur in nearly 20% of all patients with cancer, with a rising incidence in recent years, partly due to improved systemic therapies that have prolonged survival. Traditionally managed with local approaches such as surgery, whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRT), the therapeutic landscape has been significantly transformed by the advent of targeted therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and antibody-drug-conjugates (ADCs).

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), particularly its transdifferentiated form, is highly aggressive and has a poor prognosis. The diagnosis of SCLC transdifferentiation is challenging, as repeat biopsies are often not clinically feasible and few noninvasive predictors of this neuroendocrine transformation have been identified to date.

Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that gliomas interact with the brain at the synaptic level, influencing tumor progression. These local interactions have broader effects on the brain's structural and functional connectivity. This review summarizes recent findings on how brain-glioma interactions impact the brain connectome and explores their clinical implications.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a significant therapeutic class in lung cancer, integrating the target specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the cytotoxic potency of chemotherapeutic agents. This review delineates ADC structure, mechanisms of action, and clinical advancements in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), with a focus on novel bispecific formats to address tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance mechanisms.

This review illustrates the spectrum of atypical computed tomography (CT) appearances of lung cancer and provides practical guidance for accurate diagnosis and staging.

The global rise in obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is reshaping the epidemiology of thyroid disorders, particularly thyroid nodular disease and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). This review summarizes emerging evidence linking metabolic dysfunction to thyroid nodule growth and tumorigenesis.

Metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) remains a therapeutic challenge with no approved systemic standard of care. This review highlights recent advances in ACC biology and emerging therapeutic strategies that may improve outcomes for patients with advanced disease.

This review focuses on the current role of artificial intelligence (AI) in lung cancer screening, diagnosis and therapy. We also highlight its strengths in improving the accuracy and efficiency of these processes.

Lung cancer in pregnancy is relatively rare, however, with increasing gestational age, its incidence is likely to increase. Many of the summary recommendations were developed before the advent of targeted therapies and immunotherapy, which represent a significant part of modern lung cancer treatment. The aim of this review is therefore to provide a current perspective on this issue.

The purpose of this review is to summarize the breakthroughs in the systemic treatment of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) during the last five decades.