Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) persists as a clinical concern, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Prior studies have demonstrated that parenteral nutrition (PN) is associated with a small but statistically significant increase in CLABSI incidence. In this study, we evaluated the association between patients requiring PN via central venous catheter (CVC) and CLABSI, hypothesizing higher risk among patients receiving PN.

Fatty acids make up a significant portion of brain mass. The choice of lipid injectable emulsion alters a patient's fatty acid profile. In neonates with intestinal failure dependent on parenteral nutrition, this is particularly concerning given their rapid brain development.

Children with intestinal failure have significant long-term medical needs that require continual complex procedures provided by the family caregiver in the home. This contributes to a high burden of care, leading to increased stress, anxiety, and depression. Understanding caregivers' perceptions of the homecare experience will augment healthcare providers' knowledge of how to prepare a family to provide care in the home setting.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in preterm infants with a morality rate that approaches 50%. Arginine has been widely studied in the field of clinical nutrition as a supplement for patients experiencing critical illness because it can be metabolized into nitric oxide, an important agent for supporting immunity and microcirculation. Citrulline has received less attention but can be metabolized into arginine and has a much longer plasma half-life than arginine. We used the highly translational preterm pig model to determine the effect of intravenous and enteral supplementation of arginine and citrulline on NEC incidence in preterm neonates.

Many countries have established national registries monitoring home parenteral nutrition (HPN). This article outlines the development and implementation of a national HPN registry for Australia, including methods, challenges, and initial results.

Fortification of human milk is necessary for preterm infant growth. We evaluated the impact of an acidified human milk fortifier and nonacidified human milk fortifiers on growth velocity in preterm infants.

Research has sought to identify optimal protein doses during acute phases of critical illness to optimize outcomes.

For parenteral nutrition (PN)-dependent neonates, soybean oil intravenous lipid emulsions (SO-ILEs) and mixed emulsions (SO, medium-chain triglyceride [MCT], olive oil [OO], and fish oil [FO] ILEs) are likely not providing adequate amounts of key fatty acids (FAs) arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and are devoid of choline. Current FO-containing ILEs provide excessive amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). In neonatal piglets, we compared a novel lipid (NOV-C) with the addition of AA, DHA, and choline while sparing EPA with SO-ILE and SO,MCT,OO,FO-ILE.

Protein delivery is currently of interest in critical illness. It is plausible that higher protein delivery, targeting international recommendations, may cause gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. We aimed to determine relationships between enteral protein delivery and GI dysfunction in critically ill adults.

Oxylipins, synthesized through the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are bioactive downstream lipid mediators that play crucial roles in proinflammatory responses and potential cytotoxicity. Infants received PUFAs from breast milk or formula. This study aimed to describe the oxylipin profile of preterm infants receiving enteral PUFA feeding.

The influences of nutrition on the infant's developing gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome, intestinal tract, and brain is unclear. Human milk (HM) is associated with beneficial immune and cognitive development compared with infant formula (IF). This study used a neonatal piglet model to determine the effects of infant feeding exposures (HM vs IF) on the GI microbiome, intestinal inflammation, and brain oligodendrocyte maturation.

Extracorporeal life support is influenced by membrane integrity and nutrition. The impact of parenteral nutrition with lipid injectable emulsions on membrane function remains uncertain.

Investigations on the association among bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in children and adolescents are limited. Therefore, the present study explored the relationship between bioelectrical impedance analysis parameters, handgrip, and MASLD in youth.

Children in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) often experience forced interruptions of enteral nutrition (EN), which can worsen malnutrition. This systematic review aims to assess the prevalence, causes, and clinical consequences of EN interruptions (ENIs) in critically ill children admitted to the PICU. For this review, literature searches were performed in the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, CNKI, and WanFang Data databases. Studies included those that were cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional designs and were published from the inception of each database to February 2025. Sixteen studies were included, including 14 cohort and 2 cross-sectional studies, involving 4325 children. Thirteen studies reported on the prevalence of ENI, with an overall prevalence of 52.8% (95% CI, 0.415-0.638) for the random-effects combination and high heterogeneity (I² = 94.64%, P < 0.001). Twelve studies detailed the reasons for interruptions, and the three most common reasons were intra-PICU procedures, surgery, and feeding intolerance, with median prevalences of 34.4%, 23.2%, and 19.8%, respectively. Six studies described the impact on clinical outcomes for children. Some results showed that ENI may be associated with a longer PICU stay for critically ill children by 7.02 days (95% CI, 1.16-12.88), with high heterogeneity (I = 87.7%; P < 0.001). More than half of PICU children experience ENIs; however, the extreme heterogeneity hinders the meaningful interpretation of the pooled indices. We therefore recommend standardizing the methodology to conduct future internationally representative studies, providing data support for future systematic reviews.

Freezing human milk for long periods may reduce its antibacterial properties. We assessed antimicrobial effects of human milk against Escherichia coli after 6 months of freezing and to explore daily variations in both fresh and frozen milk to optimize storage protocols.

The impact of malnutrition coexisting with obesity on mortality risk in community-dwelling adults remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to examine the individual and combined effects of malnutrition and obesity on the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in US adults.

Nutrition care is increasingly integrated into multimodal patient management. This study aimed to describe the evolution of ambulatory nutrition support in outpatients aged ≥15 years in France, including oral nutrition supplements and enteral and parenteral nutrition.