In this article, we present a novel approach under the Fibonacci wavelet and collocation technique which is computationally efficient to obtain the solution of the model of cells of HIV infection. A system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations represents this mathematical model. We have approximated unknown functions and their derivatives using the operational matrix of integration of Fibonacci wavelets to transform this model into a set of algebraic equations and then simplified using a suitable method. It is anticipated that the proposed approach would be more efficient and suitable for solving a variety of nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations representing the model of medical, radiation, and surgical oncology, and drug targeting systems that occur in medical science and engineering. Tables and graphs are included to show how the suggested wavelet method provides enhanced accuracy for a wide range of problems. Relative data and computations are performed over MATLAB software.

Due to the advanced network technology, there is almost no barrier to information dissemination, which has led to the breeding of rumors. Intended to clarify the dynamic mechanism of rumor propagation, we formulate a model with time delay, forced silence function and forgetting mechanism in both homogeneous and heterogeneous networks. In the homogeneous network model, we first prove the nonnegativity of the solutions. Based on the next-generation matrix, we calculate the basic reproduction number . Besides, we discuss the existence of equilibrium points. Next, by linearizing the system and constructing a Lyapunov function, the local and global asymptotically stability of the equilibrium points are found. In the heterogeneous network model, we derive the basic reproduction number through the analysis of a rumor-prevailing equilibrium point . Moreover, we conduct the local and global asymptotic stability analysis for the equilibrium points according to the LaSalle's Invariance Principle and stability theorem. As long as the maximum spread rate is large enough, the rumor-prevailing point is locally asymptotically stable when . Additionally, it hits that the system exists bifurcation behavior at due to the newly added forced silence function. Later, after adding two controllers to the system, we research the problem of optimal control. Finally, aimed at authenticating the above theoretical results, a serious of numerical simulation experiments are carried out.

Degeneration of the neurological system linked to cognitive deficits, daily living exercise clutters, and behavioral disturbing impacts may define Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease research conducted later in life focuses on describing ways for early detection of dementia, a kind of mental disorder. To tailor our care to each patient, we utilized visual cues to determine how they were feeling. We did this by outlining two approaches to diagnosing a person's mental health. Support vector machine is the first technique. Image characteristics are extracted using a fractal model for classification in this method. With this technique, the histogram of a picture is modeled after a Gaussian distribution. Classification was performed with several support vector machines kernels, and the outcomes were compared. Step two proposes using a deep convolutional neural network architecture to identify Alzheimer's-related mental disorders. According to the findings, the support vector machines approach accurately recognized over 93% of the photos tested. The deep convolutional neural network approach was one hundred percent accurate during model training, whereas the support vector machines approach achieved just 93 percent accuracy. In contrast to support vector machines accuracy of 89.3%, the deep convolutional neural network model test findings were accurate 98.8% of the time. Based on the findings reported here, the proposed deep convolutional neural network architecture may be used for diagnostic purposes involving the patient's mental state.

In this paper, a fractional-order coinfection model for the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and tuberculosis is presented. The positivity and boundedness of the proposed coinfection model are derived. The equilibria and basic reproduction number of the COVID-19 sub-model, Tuberculosis sub-model, and COVID-19 and Tuberculosis coinfection model are derived. The local and global stability of both the COVID-19 and Tuberculosis sub-models are discussed. The equilibria of the coinfection model are locally asymptotically stable under certain conditions. Later, the impact of COVID-19 on TB and TB on COVID-19 is analyzed. Finally, the numerical simulation is carried out to assess the effect of various biological parameters in the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and Tuberculosis coinfection.

The League of European Accelerator-based Photon Sources (LEAPS), comprising 19 large-scale user facilities in 10 member and associated states, has put forward for the first time a European strategy for a transformative way of cooperation, thereby mobilizing the members' substantial expertise in photon science and technology, in infrastructure management and service to users and stakeholders. This European Strategy for Accelerator-based Photon Sources-ESAPS 2022-is a coherent pan-European plan addressing the future challenges and needs of the new era in research and innovation, designed to put Europe in a global leadership position in important future key technologies. In ESAPS2022, ambitious facility upgrades and technology development plans as well as a new strategic challenge-driven use of these facilities are discussed.

We examine the quantum coherence properties of tubulin heterodimers arranged into the protofilaments of cytoskeletal microtubules. In the physical model proposed by the authors, the microtubule interiors are treated as high-Q quantum electrodynamics (QED) cavities that can support decoherence-resistant entangled states under physiological conditions, with decoherence times of the order of  s. We identify strong electric dipole interactions between tubulin dimers and ordered water dipole quanta within the microtuble interior as the mechanism responsible for the extended coherence times. Classical nonlinear (pseudospin) -models describing solitonic excitations are reinterpreted as emergent quantum-coherent-or possibly pointer-states, arising from incomplete collapse of dipole-aligned quantum states. These solitons mediate dissipation-free energy transfer along microtubule filaments. We discuss logic-gate-like behaviour facilitated by microtubule-associated proteins, and outline how such structures may enable scalable, ambient-temperature quantum computation, with the fundamental unit of information storage realized as a quDit encoded in the tubulin dipole state. We further describe a process akin to "decision-making" that emerges following an external stimulus, whereby optimal, energy-loss-free signal and information transport pathways are selected across the microtubular network. Finally, we propose experimental approaches-including Rabi-splitting spectroscopy and entangled surface plasmon probes-to validate the use of biomatter as a substrate for scalable quantum computation.

It is well known that any well-defined bipartite entanglement measure obeys th-monogamy relations Eq. (1.1) and assisted measure obeys th-polygamy relations Eq. (1.2). Recently, we presented a class of tighter parameterized monogamy relation for the th power based on Eq. 1.1. This study provides a family of tighter lower (resp. upper) bounds of the monogamy (resp. polygamy) relations in a unified manner. In the first part of the paper, the following three basic problems are focused: (i)tighter monogamy relation for the th ( ) power of any bipartite entanglement measure based on Eq. (1.1);(ii)tighter polygamy relation for the th ( ) power of any bipartite assisted entanglement measure based on Eq. (1.2);(iii)tighter polygamy relation for the th ( ) power of any bipartite assisted entanglement measure based on Eq. (1.2). In the second part, using the tighter polygamy relation for the th ( ) power of CoA, we obtain good estimates or bounds for the th ( ) power of concurrence for any -qubit pure states under the partition and . Detailed examples are given to illustrate that our findings exhibit greater strength across all the region.

Medical imaging has been intensively employed in screening, diagnosis and monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the improvement of RT-PCR and rapid inspection technologies, the diagnostic references have shifted. Current recommendations tend to limit the application of medical imaging in the acute setting. Nevertheless, efficient and complementary values of medical imaging have been recognized at the beginning of the pandemic when facing unknown infectious diseases and a lack of sufficient diagnostic tools. Optimizing medical imaging for pandemics may still have encouraging implications for future public health, especially for long-lasting post-COVID-19 syndrome theranostics. A critical concern for the application of medical imaging is the increased radiation burden, particularly when medical imaging is used for screening and rapid containment purposes. Emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technology provides the opportunity to reduce the radiation burden while maintaining diagnostic quality. This review summarizes the current AI research on dose reduction for medical imaging, and the retrospective identification of their potential in COVID-19 may still have positive implications for future public health.

Bacterial persistence and resistance to antibiotics pose critical challenges in healthcare and environmental contexts. Recent studies revealing that bacteria possess a dynamic electrical membrane potential open new avenues for influencing bacterial behaviour and drug susceptibility. In this work, we present a novel light-responsive strategy to modulate bacterial antibiotic persistence using Ziapin2, an azobenzene photoswitch previously shown to alter bacterial membrane potential. We selected two broad-spectrum antibiotics with distinct modes of action: Kanamycin, which requires cytosolic uptake to inhibit protein synthesis, and Ampicillin, which targets cell wall polymerization at the cell envelope, to probe the role of membrane potential in antibiotic efficacy. Our findings show that when is exposed to Kanamycin and Ziapin2, photoactivation (470 nm) significantly impacts bacterial viability: under illumination, the previously lethal effects of Kanamycin are markedly reduced, suggesting that membrane potential changes drive altered antibiotic uptake or intracellular accumulation. In contrast, Ampicillin-treated samples remain largely unaffected by light-induced membrane modulation, consistent with its action at the external cell envelope. Taken together, these results indicate that membrane potential manipulation can selectively influence the activity of antibiotics whose intracellular uptake is critical to their function. This proof-of-concept study underscores the potential of non-genetic, light-based interventions to modulate bacterial susceptibility in real time. Future work will expand this approach by exploring additional antibiotic classes and novel azobenzene derivatives, ultimately advancing our understanding of bacterial bioelectric regulation and its applications in antimicrobial therapies.

The formalism of the horizon quantum mechanics is applied to electrically neutral and spherically symmetric black hole geometries emerging from coherent quantum states of gravity to compute the probability that the matter source is inside the horizon. We find that quantum corrections to the classical horizon radius become significant if the matter core has a size comparable to the Compton length of the constituents, and the system is indeed a black hole with probability very close to one unless the core radius is close to the (classical) gravitational radius.

Some of the most astonishing and prominent properties of Quantum Mechanics, such as entanglement and Bell nonlocality, have only been studied extensively in dedicated low-energy laboratory setups. The feasibility of these studies in the high-energy regime explored by particle colliders was only recently shown and has gathered the attention of the scientific community. For the range of particles and fundamental interactions involved, particle colliders provide a novel environment where quantum information theory can be probed, with energies exceeding by about 12 orders of magnitude those employed in dedicated laboratory setups. Furthermore, collider detectors have inherent advantages in performing certain quantum information measurements and allow for the reconstruction of the state of the system under consideration via quantum state tomography. Here, we elaborate on the potential, challenges, and goals of this innovative and rapidly evolving line of research and discuss its expected impact on both quantum information theory and high-energy physics.

Enhanced-accuracy ion-range verification in real time shall enable a significant step forward in the use of therapeutic ion beams. Positron-emission tomography (PET) and prompt-gamma imaging (PGI) are two of the most promising and researched methodologies, both of them with their own advantages and challenges. Thus far, both of them have been explored for ion-range verification in an independent way. However, the simultaneous combination of PET and PGI within the same imaging framework may open-up the possibility to exploit more efficiently all radiative emissions excited in the tissue by the ion beam. Here, we report on the first preclinical implementation of an hybrid PET-PGI imaging system, hereby exploring its performance over several ion beam species (H, He and C), energies (55-275 MeV) and intensities ( - ions/spot), which are representative of clinical conditions. The measurements were carried out using the pencil-beam scanning technique at the synchrotron accelerator of the heavy ion therapy center in Heidelberg utilizing an array of four Compton cameras in a twofold front-to-front configuration. The results demonstrate that the hybrid PET-PGI technique can be well suited for relatively low energies (55-155 MeV) and beams of protons. On the other hand, for heavier beams of helium and carbon ions at higher energies (155-275 MeV), range monitoring becomes more challenging owing to large backgrounds from additional nuclear processes. The experimental results are well understood on the basis of realistic Monte Carlo calculations, which show a satisfactory agreement with the measured data. This work can guide further upgrades of the hybrid PET-PGI system toward a clinical implementation of this innovative technique.

Light-sensitive molecules provide a powerful means to control cellular excitability without genetic modification. Among them, the amphiphilic membrane targeting azobenzene Ziapin2 has emerged as a versatile photo-switch able to modulate membrane potential. Previous studies have attributed its action mainly to an opto-mechanical effect. However, azobenzenes are known to undergo significant light-induced dipole changes, raising the possibility of additional electrical contributions. Here, we combine experimental data and numerical modeling to investigate this dual mechanism in Ziapin2. Our analysis shows that beyond capacitance modulation, a substantial increase in molecular dipole moment (> 6D) can shift membrane surface potential, partially counteracting the hyperpolarizing effect. A model with time-varying surface potential captures key features of published responses and shows that polarity is governed by the membrane interface at which the photo-dipole is expressed, not by the dipole change alone. This combined framework provides a more complete description of Ziapin2 action and enables prospective design of next-generation molecules with tailored selective depolarizing or hyperpolarizing response.

Air transportation systems are a foundational infrastructure for the human's society. The lack of systematic and detailed investigation on a large amount of records for air flights has blocked seriously the deep understanding of the systems. By using the American domestic passenger flight records from 1995 to 2020, we constructed the air transportation networks and calculated the betweenness and the eigenvector centralities for the airports. It is found that in terms of eigenvector centrality, 15-30% airports in the unweighted and undirected networks behave anomalous. The anomalies disappear after considering the information of link weights or directionalites. Five widely used models for air transportation networks are evaluated, results for which tell us that the spatial constraints are required to eliminate the anomalies detected by the eigenvector centrality, and provide us some references for selecting the parameters in the models. We hope the empirical benchmarks reported in this paper can stimulate much more works on theoretical models for air transportation systems.

Bioderived alternatives to commonly used complexing agents for the cleaning of iron artworks are sought for their natural origin and better biodegradability. Indeed, complexing agents currently used for the removal of undesired corrosion products from iron artworks can be difficult to control and their environmental impact is often overlooked. This paper studies the use of siderophores, focusing on the ability of one of them, deferoxamine, to be employed as an active agent loaded in polysaccharides hydrogels, on corrosion phases. Preliminary tests were conducted on artificially aged steel samples and further studies were performed on naturally corroded steel to assess the most performing application parameters. Long-term behavior of cleaned surface was assessed. Cleaning outcomes were compared with those obtainable with disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid using optical microscopy, colorimetry and atomic absorption spectroscopy as well as Infrared and Raman micro-spectroscopies. Among the different gelling agents evaluated, agar applied when hot and gellan gum prepared at room temperature were the most effective gel formulations and agar left few residues over the treated surfaces. The protocol was then tested on altered steel artifacts belonging to heritage institutions in France. Encouraging outcomes in the removal of iron corrosion phases with green approaches are here presented.

The aim of the current study is to investigate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic as a multiphase percolation process. Mathematical equations have been developed to describe the time dependence of the number of cumulative infected individuals, , and the velocity of the pandemic, , as well as to calculate epidemiological characteristics. The study focuses on the use of sigmoidal growth models to investigate multiwave COVID-19. Hill, logistic dose response and sigmoid Boltzmann models fitted successfully a pandemic wave. The sigmoid Boltzmann model and the dose response model were found to be effective in fitting the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases over time 2 waves spread ( = 2). However, for multiwave spread ( > 2), the dose response model was found to be more suitable due to its ability to overcome convergence issues. The spread of N successive waves has also been described as multiphase percolation with a period of pandemic relaxation between two successive waves.

MAX IV Laboratory is a Swedish national synchrotron radiation facility that comprises three accelerators with varying characteristics. One of the accelerators, the 3 GeV storage ring, is the world's first fourth-generation ring and pioneered the use of the multibend achromat lattice to provide access to ultrahigh brightness X-rays. MAX IV aims to stay at the forefront of the current and future research needs of its multidisciplinary user community, principally located in the Nordic and Baltic regions. Our 16 beamlines currently offer and continue to develop modern X-ray spectroscopy, scattering, diffraction, and imaging techniques to address scientific problems of importance to society.

COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus is mainly spread by droplets, respiratory secretions, and direct contact. Caused by the huge spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, research is focused on the study of biosensors as it presents a rapid solution for reducing incidents and fatality rates. In this paper, a microchip flow confinement method for the rapid transport of small sample volumes to sensor surfaces is optimized in terms of the confinement coefficient , the position of the confinement flow , and its inclination relative to the main channel. A numerical simulation based on two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations has been used. Taguchi's L(3) orthogonal array was adopted to design the numerical assays taking into account the confining flow parameters (, , and ) on the response time of microfluidic biosensors. Analyzing the signal-to-noise ratio allowed us to determine the most effective combinations of control parameters for reducing the response time. The contribution of the control factors to the detection time was determined via analysis of variance (ANOVA). Numerical predictive models using multiple linear regression (MLR) and an artificial neural network (ANN) were developed to accurately predict microfluidic biosensor response time. This study concludes that the best combination of control factors is that corresponds to , and  = 40 µm. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the position of the confinement channel (62% contribution) is the factor most responsible for the reduction in response time. Based on the correlation coefficient ( ), and value adjustment factor (VAF), the ANN model performed better than the MLR model in terms of prediction accuracy.

Calcium signaling is decisive for cellular functions. This calcium random walk stipulates neuronal functions. Calcium concentration could provoke gene transcription, apoptosis, neuronal plasticity, etc. A malformation in calcium could change the neuron's intracellular behavior. Calcium concentration balancing is a complex cellular mechanism. This occurrence can be handled with the Caputo fractional reaction-diffusion equation. In this mathematical modeling, we have included the STIM-Orai mechanism and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) flux, Inositol Triphosphate Receptor (IPR), SERCA, plasma membrane flux, voltage-gated calcium entry, and different buffer interactions. A hybrid integral transform and Green's function approach were taken to solve the initial boundary problem. A closed-form solution of a Mittag-Leffler family function plotted using MATLAB software. Different parameters impact changes in the spatiotemporal behavior of the calcium concentration. Specific roles of organelles involved in Alzheimer's disease-affected neurons are computed. Ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA), and S100B protein effects are also observed. In all simulations, we can say S100B and the STIM-Orai effect cannot be neglected. This model lights up the different approaches for calcium signaling pathway simulation. As a consequence, we determine that a generalized reaction-diffusion approach is a better fit realistic model.

The BESSY II synchrotron radiation source at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) is an internationally leading facility playing to its strengths in the UV and soft X-ray regime, with the mission to enlight and enable materials discovery, develop solutions and answers to the societal challenges of this century, like Energy, Information and Health, and enable research and innovation along the entire value chain. To maintain BESSY II competitive while bridging to its successor source BESSY III, HZB is currently developing an ambitious strategic upgrade program of the facility which includes maintenance and modernization measures as well as the provision of new research opportunities with the focus on new capabilities for energy research and technology development. On the longer term, the 4th generation source BESSY III is needed to meet the requirements of the mission-oriented scientific focus fields Catalysis, Energy, Quantum and Information and Life Sciences as well as Metrology for Innovation.

This document sets out the intention of the strong-field QED community to carry out, both experimentally and numerically, , at fields approaching and exceeding the critical or 'Schwinger' field of QED ( V/m) in the rest frame of a charged particle. In this regime, several exotic and fascinating phenomena are predicted to occur that have never been directly observed in the laboratory. These include Breit-Wheeler pair production, vacuum birefringence, and quantum radiation reaction. This experimental programme will also serve as a stepping stone towards studies of elusive phenomena such as elastic scattering of real photons and the conjectured perturbative breakdown of QED at extreme fields. State-of-the-art high-power laser facilities in Europe and beyond are starting to offer unique opportunities to study this uncharted regime at the intensity frontier, which is highly relevant also for the design of future multi-TeV lepton colliders. A transition from qualitative observational experiments to quantitative and high-statistics measurements can only be performed with large-scale collaborations and with systematic experimental programmes devoted to the optimisation of several aspects of these complex experiments, including detector developments, stability and tolerances studies, and laser technology.