The maintenance treatment with anlotinib can improve the efficacy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, but the appropriate patient population are still undefined. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding anlotinib treatment in advanced NSCLC patients who achieved disease stabilization after two cycles of first-line chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy (CIO).

Alpha-fetoprotein-positive gastric cancer (AFPGC) is a rare subtype of gastric cancer characterized by high invasiveness and extremely poor prognosis. According to relevant studies, the median overall survival of such patients is significantly shorter than that of AFP-negative gastric cancer patients (14 months vs 40 months). Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the most malignant type of lung cancer, has a median survival time of only 8-12 months in patients with extensive disease. To date, there have been no reported cases of dual primary cancers involving both AFPGC and SCLC, and the therapeutic role of immunotherapy in such dual primary tumors remains unclear.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer worldwide. Despite the growing interest in Helicobacter pylori () infection, targeted diagnostic and prognostic markers are yet to be fully developed. The purpose of this study is to explore potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of GC associated with infection.

Lymph node involvement is critical for colorectal cancer (CRC) staging and prognosis. The lymph node ratio (LNR), defined as the ratio of metastatic to total examined lymph nodes, has shown promise as a superior prognostic metric compared to traditional TNM staging and total lymph node yield (LNY). This study compared the prognostic value of LNR, N staging, and LNY and developed an LNR-based survival risk score (LNR-SRS). Secondary objectives included evaluating the impact of multidisciplinary team (MDT) care and molecular markers (KRAS, NRAS, BRAF) on survival.

The impact of cervical lymph node biopsy on survival, distant metastasis, and local recurrence in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients remains controversial. This study aims to compare the effects of cervical lymph node biopsy and nasopharyngeal biopsy on these outcomes.

Primary gastric malignant melanoma (PGMM) is an exceedingly rare non-epithelial tumor. Only a limited number of cases have been documented, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

This study evaluated whether the glucocorticoid receptor α/β (GRα/GRβ) mRNA expression ratio in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can serve as a predictive biomarker for treatment response and survival in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving pemetrexed-based chemotherapy.

Cryptorchidism is a well-established risk factor for testicular cancer. Among adult male patients, pure testicular yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are rare, and those arising from cryptorchidism in adult males are even less common. We report a case of a 35-year-old male with a giant YST originating from cryptorchidism, with no distant metastasis detected preoperatively. The initial treatment plan was radical orchiectomy combined with postoperative chemotherapy for curative intent, but direct surgery was extremely challenging due to the large tumor size. Therefore, we attempted neoadjuvant chemotherapy to facilitate surgical resection. To our knowledge, there are relatively few reports on the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to reduce tumor burden prior to testicular tumor resection. The patient received four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery, after which the tumor volume decreased, and the levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) also dropped. Unfortunately, Liver metastases were detected during the reexamination on the 28th post-operative day, and lung metastases were identified in another reexamination on the 85th post-operative day. Regrettably, the patient refused further treatment and discontinued it, and we eventually lost follow-up. Post-pubertal YSTs are highly aggressive, and early detection and intervention are crucial for patients suspected of having cryptorchidism. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be considered as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy for reducing tumor burden in testicular tumors.

Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy with limited evidence guiding systemic treatment in the advanced stages. This study evaluated the effectiveness of palliative chemotherapy and revealed the prognostic factors associated with survival in patients with metastatic or unresectable SBA.

Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy shows increasing efficacy in treating metastatic malignancies; however, positive outcomes may be negatively impacted by lymphocytopenia. Previous studies suggest thymosin α1 (Tα1) may mitigate radiation-induced lymphocytopenia. This study retrospectively evaluated the effects of a Tα1 loading dose on peripheral blood lymphocyte counts and assessed the safety and efficacy of radiotherapy combined with of PD-1 inhibitors in patients with advanced or refractory cancers.

Brain metastases from cervical cancer are exceedingly rare, with an incidence of 0.4% to 2.3%. Poorly differentiated histologic subtypes, particularly those with lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) and parametrial involvement, may have a higher propensity for hematogenous spread. Current surveillance protocols do not routinely include brain imaging, potentially leading to delayed diagnosis in patients with early metastases. This case highlights an aggressive presentation of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix with rapid brain metastases post-treatment, emphasizing the need for revised follow-up and therapeutic strategies.

This study focused on developing and testing a comprehensive model that explores the social determinants of health influencing the quality of life of young breast cancer survivors, particularly highlighting the impact of treatment regret.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) is the standard treatment regimen for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, pathologic complete response (pCR) rates remain suboptimal, and distant metastasis remains a significant cause of treatment failure. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has demonstrated promising efficacy and safety in microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) rectal cancer patients, less than 5% of rectal cancers exhibit MSI-H characteristics. The majority are microsatellite stable (MSS) types, which are generally unresponsive to immunotherapy alone. Recent studies have indicated that the addition of radiotherapy can convert immune checkpoint-insensitive "cold" tumors into more responsive "hot" tumors. Therefore, combining immunotherapy with nCRT may enhance the pCR rate and improve prognosis in LARC patients.

Cancer-related malnutrition (CRM) is characterized by nutrition impact symptoms (NIS), prominently reduced intake, and irreversible systemic inflammation (SI). This study aimed to use NIS as a phenotype to explore the etiological mechanisms of CRM and facilitate a more precise classification approach for CRM patients by symptomatic clusters.

To compare surgical outcomes between conventional laparoscopic and robotic-assisted laparoscopic approaches in the treatment of endometrial cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/CMAR.S307424.].

Selective delivery of imaging agents to target cells remains a major challenge for molecular imaging and targeted therapy. Folate-based targeting leverages the differential expression of folate receptors (FRs), which are frequently overexpressed in various malignancies and in activated macrophages compared with most normal tissues, to mediate selective cellular uptake. Folate and folate-conjugates offer several advantages for targeted delivery: 1) restricted normal-tissue distribution of FRs, 2) high affinity binding to FRs, and 3) straightforward conjugation chemistry that enables linkage to both therapeutic and imaging moieties. In this narrative review, we summarize recent advances in FR-targeted imaging across multiple modalities (PET, SPECT, MRI, and optical imaging), discuss strategies for probe design and pharmacokinetic optimization, and highlight translational progress from preclinical studies to early clinical applications. We also review emerging applications of folate-mediated delivery for gene therapy and immune modulation, and we identify remaining challenges including probe specificity, background uptake, and clinical validation and outline directions for future research and clinical translation.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) has been effectively treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, the clinical efficacy of these targeted therapies is invariably limited by the development of acquired resistance. While secondary mutations like T790M and bypass pathway activation are well-documented mechanisms, there is a growing appreciation for the profound role of epigenetic regulators, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), in orchestrating the resistant phenotype. This review provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the multifaceted roles of miRNAs in the emergence and maintenance of EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC, including their regulation of alternative receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways, driving phenotypic plasticity, specifically the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the acquisition of cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics, as well as dysregulating core cellular processes, such as apoptosis. We further examine the complex interplay within competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks, where long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs sequester miRNAs, thereby modulating the expression of resistance-associated genes. Finally, the potential of specific miRNAs as circulating biomarkers for monitoring treatment response and as therapeutic targets to overcome resistance is discussed. This review underscores the central role of miRNA-mediated gene regulation as a critical layer of complexity in EGFR-TKI resistance, highlighting a sophisticated network that governs the fate of cancer cells under therapeutic pressure.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.2147/CMAR.S162670.].

Breast cancer has the highest incidence among women. Exercise interventions are increasingly recognized as key strategies to prevent and alleviate chemotherapy side effects. Pre-exercise health-related physical fitness (HRPF) assessments are critical forensuring safety. However, investigations on HRPF during chemotherapy and its influencing factors remain limited.

This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of liver cancer patients and their family members regarding hepatitis B and liver cancer in hospitals in central and western China.