This scoping review synthesizes evidence on interventions designed to increase awareness, access, and uptake of genetic counseling and genetic testing for hereditary cancer risk among racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Embase (through March 2024) for primary quantitative and qualitative studies published in English (2005-2024) that evaluated U.S.-based interventions to improve awareness, referrals, or utilization of genetic services among racial/ethnic minorities. Study quality was appraised with Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists. Owing to heterogeneity in designs and outcomes, findings were narratively synthesized. Of 3,280 records identified, 26 studies met inclusion criteria. Interventions encompassed culturally tailored educational programs, community outreach, provider training and workflow integration, digital decision aids/telehealth models, navigation or community health worker programs, and system-level/registry approaches. Most studies reported improvements in knowledge, referral quality or rates, and participation in counseling and/or testing; several documented narrowing of disparities in specific settings when structural supports were embedded. Limitations include heterogeneity across interventions and outcomes, limited long-term follow-up, and variation in study quality and measurement. The evidence suggests that culturally and linguistically tailored education is most effective when paired with navigation and integrated into clinical or public-health workflows, and that hybrid telehealth models can expand reach when coupled with interpersonal support. Aligning culturally resonant strategies with structural reforms offers a credible pathway to more equitable access to cancer genetics services.

Endometriosis often presents in adolescence as chronic pelvic pain (CPP) or dysmenorrhea. Research in adults demonstrates non-White race is associated with delayed surgical diagnosis of endometriosis; however, inequity in adolescents has never been studied. We investigated inequities in laparoscopy rates among adolescents according to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES).

HPV vaccines are highly effective in preventing cervical, anal, and several other pre-malignant and malignant disease caused by vaccine-specific HPV types. Despite increasing public health efforts in the past decade, HPV vaccination rates among Filipino American (FA) adolescents remain suboptimal. Our knowledge is particularly limited on how provider or practice-level characteristics were linked to uptake in this population, partially due to lack of disaggregated data.

Movements such as MAHA (Make America Healthy Again) and the resurgence of anti-vaccine rhetoric promoted by figures like Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. have amplified skepticism, particularly in Black communities already burdened by structural inequities and historical medical racism. These contemporary patterns of resistance reflect a broader continuity between COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and ongoing distrust toward public health institutions, underscoring the need for culturally grounded engagement strategies that honor lived experience and community leadership. This qualitative study examines how Black women in Michigan made decisions about the COVID-19 vaccine for themselves and their families, and how their choices influenced broader community responses to the vaccine. Using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, we conducted 34 interviews between 2022 and 2023. In the current study we focus on the 20 Black women who were interviewed as part of the larger study. Categorized by Self-Determination Theory constructs, we found that relatedness, through a desire to protect others, was the dominant motivator, expressed through caregiving rooted in cultural traditions. Using the frameworks of Inventive Mothering and Black Mothering, we explore how maternal leadership shaped vaccine acceptance and alternative protective strategies.

People who have been incarcerated are known to be at high risk of homicide victimization, or dying from homicide, after release. However, limitations in study size and duration of follow-up in prior research have prohibited the identification of particularly high-risk groups and post-release time periods, and evaluation of more recent trends is warranted. We aimed to thoroughly describe post-release homicide trends in North Carolina over a twenty-year period.

Although a substantial body of research has documented the adverse mental health impacts of discrimination, few studies have examined these outcomes and their association with ethnicity.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities, and disparities in sleep health may significantly contribute to these inequalities. Historically, the lack of representation of minorities in sleep research, along with a narrow focus on specific sleep measures, has limited our understanding of the role of sleep health in CVD disparities.

Police discrimination and brutality (PDB) disproportionately impacts racial and/or ethnic minority groups. However, it remains unclear how vicarious exposure to PDB varies in the USA and how it relates to concern and cigarette smoking across racial and/or ethnic groups.

To explore the association between County Health Ranking (CHR) factors, county-level demographics, and county-level age-adjusted genitourinary (GU) cancer mortality rates.

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reports that 1 in 12 children in the United States are diagnosed with asthma. Black children represent a disproportionate share of these diagnoses. Literature has explored environmental factors contributing to this disparity, however there are few exploring the connection between psychosocial stress and asthma diagnoses among Black children. This study aims to examine the association between children's (0-17) exposure to interpersonal racism and an asthma diagnosis using national representative data.

Social and racial disadvantages can lead to weathering, and the effects of social mobility and socioeconomic position (SEP) on weathering may vary depending on individuals' skin color. Based on data from 11,064 Brazilian adults form The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adults Health (ELSA-Brasil), we examined how racism, SEP, and intergenerational educational mobility shape weathering-defined as the difference between biological and chronological age. We demonstrated that individuals exposed to social disadvantages such as racism and low SEP exhibited greater weathering compared to socially advantaged individuals, suggesting an explanatory pathway for social and racial health inequities. Being in a higher SEP was not as advantageous for Black individuals as it was for White individuals. Upward social mobility was associated with lower weathering. These findings highlight how racism and socioeconomic adversity accumulate and interact to shape aging, revealing that social mobility may offer partial relief from the physiological impact of inequality.

By ensuring access to health services that meet community expectations and by addressing gaps in planning, expectations, and experiences, the government could significantly enhance the lives of marginalized Indigenous communities recognized as Scheduled Tribes (ST) under the Indian Constitution. However, the extent of access to health services for tribal populations, compared to other groups, is not well understood. This study aims to support and facilitate the formulation of specific, targeted policies that benefit the tribal communities of Uttar Pradesh, India, by addressing this information gap. Through a primary data-based analysis of accessibility to health services across five dimensions, as well as a gap analysis of the perceived expectations and experiences of health services at government health centers, this study finds that the ST community of Uttar Pradesh lags in most accessibility dimensions. Additionally, this research found a significant gap exists between their expectations and experiences of health services.

Direct consequences of exposure to racism on emotional distress are well documented, but much less is known about how racism experienced by Black caregivers may influence young children's developmental outcomes. This study examined both the direct and indirect effects of Black caregivers' experiences of racial discrimination and race-related concerns about their children on children's behavioral outcomes during early childhood (ages 0-5). Using data from 300 Black caregivers participating in the Rapid Assessment of Pandemic Impact on Development (RAPID) project, we conducted mediation analyses to test whether caregivers' emotional distress mediated these associations. We found that caregivers' own experiences of racial discrimination were positively associated with their levels of depressive symptoms, while caregivers' race-related concerns about their children were associated with higher anxiety, stress, and loneliness. Significant indirect effects were observed between both caregivers' discrimination experiences and race-related concerns and children's behavioral outcomes, by way of caregiver emotional distress. Additionally, caregivers' race-related concerns were directly associated with elevated externalizing behaviors in their children. Few studies have explored how Black caregivers' race-related concerns about their children may contribute to their own emotional distress and influence children's early behavioral outcomes. These findings suggest the intergenerational reach of racial discrimination and underscore the importance of disrupting the link between caregiver distress and children's behavioral outcomes.

Exposure to racism is an important risk-factor for Black children's mental health that can be combated through parents' transmission of cultural pride messages. To assist parents in enhancing these practices, we piloted a Black cultural pride box intervention, entitled Just for Me!, that included Black-centered play and educational items. Fourteen families participated in the study with their preschoolers (mean age = 3.6 years). Families interacted with the box contents for 2 months prior to the mothers completing a post-intervention interview. We assessed the impact of the intervention on parents' cultural socialization practices using Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Intervention acceptability was measured using a 5-point Likert scale in four subdomains: engagement, likability, current usefulness, and future utility. We used reflexive thematic analysis to determine mothers' foremost values in their cultural socialization practices and whether the intervention aligned with those values. The intervention was associated with a significant increase in how often mothers practiced the following behaviors with their preschoolers related to their ethnic/racial group: learning history/traditions (p = 0.041), talking about important people/events in history (p < 0.001), and reading culturally-specific books (p = 0.010). Furthermore, there were high ratings for acceptability across all subdomains. Participants shared common values in their cultural socialization practices of ensuring representation of Blackness, affirming Black features, and being intentional about timing conversations about race with their preschoolers. The intervention consistently supported these values, showing the benefit of a community-based approach to aid Black parents' enhanced cultural socialization practices with their preschoolers.

This research project was an exploratory mixed method study that explored risk and protective factors associated with Black women's experiences with perinatal suicidal ideations. The sample included adult women who identified as Black and had experienced suicidal thoughts during pregnancy or postpartum (n = 9). Participants completed an electronic survey consisting of 54 total questions and the 30-item Racial Trauma Scale (RTS). Through their responses, most respondents reported being worried about a loved one's safety and feeling that the world is unsafe. The respondents also felt that healthcare neglects the needs of Black women. The implications of these findings for clinical social work are that racism and discrimination create chronic stress upon Black pregnant women and their providers, resulting in poor health outcomes and stressful service delivery interactions. Therefore, improved screening and communication between providers and patients will have a positive impact on perinatal mental health in the Black community.

This study investigated how social categories defined by the intersection of gender-race/color influence the trajectory of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Guided by intersectionality and ecossocial theories, the study analyzed 1,009 individuals with T2DM who participated in three in-person study visits of the ELSA-Brazil cohort. Glycemic control at each visit was defined by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) < 7%. Four glycemic control trajectories were established (glycemic control at all visits; inadequate control at one visit; inadequate control at two visits; inadequate control at three visits). Six intersectional categories of gender-race/color were created (white woman, brown woman, black woman, white man, brown man, and black man). The associations between the intersectional categories and the glycemic control trajectory were estimated by multinomial logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, health, and insulin use factors. The prevalence of adequate glycemic control decreased over visits in all intersectional categories and was lowest among Black women. Compared to white women, all intersectional categories except white men had higher odds of inadequate glycemic control at all three visits after adjusting for age, especially black men (OR: 3.04; 95% CI: 1.58-5.85), followed by black women (OR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.65-5.43), brown women (OR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.36-4.46), and brown men (OR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.40-4.39). These results reveal persistent inequalities in glycemic control among the most socially vulnerable intersectional groups of gender and race, suggesting that the distinct life experiences of these groups affect the control of their disease.

Racial disparities in kidney transplant outcomes remain a persistent challenge despite advances in immunosuppression. This study examined short- and intermediate-term graft outcomes among Black and White recipients receiving cyclosporine plus mTOR inhibitor based regimens.

Structural and social determinants of health (S/SDOH) are linked to dementia, yet despite Black Americans having a twofold dementia risk compared to Whites, research is limited. This study examined a new S/SDOH composite index (CI) based on the multidimensional poverty-adjusted headcount ratio and explored its association with potential cognitive impairment (PCI) or poor cognitive performance (PCP) among Black Americans.

Homelessness is a growing crisis consistently linked to adverse health. At the same time, race is strongly associated with homelessness risk. Thus, understanding and addressing racial disparities in homelessness is imperative for health equity. This study explores geographic variation in Black-to-White disparities in homelessness across the United States and examines how measures of local structural racism are associated with these inequities.

Despite increasing racial diversity in higher education in the United States (US), racially minoritized students (i.e., students from the Global Majority; GM) continue to experience stress related to discrimination and structural oppression. Evaluating and addressing racism in higher education across multiple levels (e.g., distal and proximal) is critical to student success. This study tested two complementary approaches to understand associations between departmental racism and GM students' mental health. First, Hatzenbuehler's Psychological Mediation Minority Stress Theory was tested by examining whether interpersonal racial stress mediated the association between racism and mental health disparities. Second, an exploratory model, informed by the Health Equity Framework, was tested by examining whether the interaction between racism and interpersonal racial stress was associated with mental health disparities. Undergraduate students (N = 601) nested within 49 departments were included. Two departmental distal stressors were defined: (1) aggregate colorblind racial attitudes (CoBRAS), and (2) faculty representation disaggregated by race and gender. Mental health outcomes included self-reported student anxiety, depression, and wellbeing. In mediation models, lower CoBRAS was associated with higher interpersonal racial stress, which in turn was associated with poorer mental health. Statistically significant moderations revealed that the negative associations between interpersonal stress and mental health was strengthened in departments with lower levels of racism. Drawing from psychological contract theories, findings suggest potential unintended consequences of anti-racist initiatives. Although it is paramount for departments to engage in anti-racist practices, they must do so with ongoing evaluation of whether minoritized student needs are, in fact, being met. Otherwise, implementation of initiatives may leave students feeling betrayed by the institution, and exacerbate mental health inequities.

Black transgender women report high levels of discrimination, which is associated with poor health outcomes. Some evidence suggests that intersectional discrimination-that is, interacting forms of marginalization related to one's real or perceived social identities or positions that contribute to unique dynamics and effects on health-is associated with worse health-related quality of life; however, little evidence explores this possible association among Black transgender women. Addressing this gap is crucial in understanding how overlapping experiences of racism and cisgenderism contribute to poor health outcomes in this population. We used cross-sectional survey data from 151 Black transgender women ages 18 to 67 (mean = 35.9 ± 11 years) to examine the associations between age, intersectional discrimination via the Day-to-Day Intersectional Discrimination Index (INDI-D), and aspects of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL; i.e., self-perceived quality of general health [GenHealth] and number of health days in the past 30 days), via T-tests, Pearson's correlations, stepwise sequential linear regression (SSLR) to test for moderation, and the PROCESS macro for SPSS to test for indirect effects. Increased INDI-D was consistently significantly associated with worse GenHealth and decreased number of healthy days across adjusted and unadjusted models. However, adjusted moderation and indirect effects analyses did not support moderation or mediation hypotheses. Future research should further investigate how discrimination and aging affect the health of Black transgender women, with attention to weathering and coping. Additional studies are needed to develop and improve interventions to support the well-being of this marginalized community.