The increased anticholinergic burden caused by medications in older adults is one of the adverse drug reactions of particular concern, as it can exacerbate the onset of geriatric syndromes or induce cognitive dysfunction, and is also related to the issue of polypharmacy. One year has passed since the "Japanese Anticholinergic Risk Scale" was published by the Japanese Society of Geriatric Pharmacy, and the anticholinergic effects of various medications have garnered attention. These medications are used in clinical practice and research. The anticholinergic effects of drugs are not necessarily induced solely by binding to muscarinic receptors and exerting antagonistic actions but may also occur as a result of various combined effects. In this review, we focus on drugs that show differences between the "Yamada Classification," which was created based on in vitro muscarinic receptor binding activity, and the "Japanese Anticholinergic Risk Scale." We re-examine anticholinergic effects and, through a review of the literature, identify drugs that induce "anticholinergic-like effects" beyond direct muscarinic receptor antagonism. By understanding the potential mechanisms underlying "anticholinergic-like effects" in drugs where anticholinergic effects listed in the risk scale are not anticipated, we aim to reemphasize the prevalence of drugs with anticholinergic-like effects.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a public health concern in Taiwan. While chronic liver disease is known to affect muscle mass, the association between CHB and muscle mass is not fully understood. This study investigated the relationship between CHB and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) in older adults.

Grandchild care is an enriching, joyful experience but can sometimes be stressful. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of grandchild care on new-onset frailty among community-dwelling older Korean adults. Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging on 8744 individuals were subjected to analysis. Eight thousand three hundred thirteen were allocated to a non-care group and 431 to a care group. All were followed until frailty developed. A gender-stratified Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for potential confounders was utilized to examine the relationship between grandchild care and the risk of developing frailty. Providing grandchild care for men had a hazard ratio of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.65-1.03; p = 0.093), and for women, the provision of grandchild care was associated with a significantly lower risk of developing frailty, with a hazard ratio of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.67-0.91; p = 0.002). In conclusion, grandchild care was significantly associated with a lower risk of frailty development among older Korean women.

Maintaining physical function in older adults is essential to prevent adverse outcomes such as fractures, disability, and mortality. Although existing physical function tests are practical, they often require space, equipment, or trained professionals, limiting their accessibility for self-assessment.

To improve and simplify the predictive ability of the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25) for nursing-care need, using nursing-care certification status over a 4-year period as an indicator.

The relationship between the frailty status after using public services in Japan provided to prevent frailty in older adults from needing long-term care and nursing care costs is unclear. We identified changes in frailty and the cost of care during the first 2 years of use among users of public services for the prevention of long-term frailty.

This pilot study aimed to examine the impact of comorbidities on healthcare and long-term care costs following hip fracture.

Neuroinflammation, widely regarded as a chronic inflammatory response of the central nervous system, is thought to be a key player in the initiation of neurodegeneration. While there is a great effort in finding useful biomarkers for early detection of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD), a precise biomarker capable of elucidating the disease progression and effectiveness of therapeutic interventions is needed.

Falls represent a significant public health concern among older adults, with metabolic syndrome, including elevated triglyceride levels, implicated as a potential risk factor. This study examined the prospective association between serum triglyceride levels and incident falls in a large cohort.