To assess the protective effects of intragastric Vitamin C and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against DNA damage from CT scan radiation in rats.

High linear energy transfer (LET) radiation is more harmful than low LET radiation because it deposits energy in a concentrated manner, resulting in clustered DNA damage (CDD). Double strand breaks (DSBs) are among the most damaging types of DNA damage, and if not repaired, they may trigger cell death. DSBs can be repaired through three mechanisms: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), and theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ). This study aimed to assess how these pathways contribute to repairing DSBs induced by low LET X-ray and proton radiation, and high LET alpha-particle radiation.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor characterized by resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) and radiotherapy. This study investigates the role of long non-coding RNA POT1-AS1 in modulating TMZ resistance (TMZR) and radiation-resistant (RR) in GBM by regulating ferroptosis via the IGF2BP2/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway.

To assess the risk of thyroid nodules associated with prenatal radiation exposure.

Performing biodosimetry assessment for several hundreds of thousands of individuals in the aftermath of large scale radiological/nuclear incidents will be technically challenging. The purpose of this review is to provide logistical planning to determine when, how and which biodosimetry tools can be used for providing useful information to mediate an effective triage and for guiding the medical management of exposed victims of such an event. This review highlighted the potential capabilities of various types of biodosimetry tools in advanced development to handle the needs of different triage stages for a large-scale nuclear detonation event. While each was reviewed independently, the consensus was that complex exposure scenarios require a multiparametric approach where biomarkers/biodosimeters can be used alternatively or targeted for subgroups, e.g. with combined injury or by type of radiation, for rapid assessment and confirmation of exposure dose for exposed individuals. Further studies and exercises are required to validate the capability of using the biodosimetry tools, both individually and in combination, under the likely logistical constraints of a nuclear detonation, both to guide development of processes such as high-throughput platforms and field-deployable mechanisms that can best address the volume and needs of the affected population.

Accurate dose estimation is crucial in radiation emergency medicine to predict potential clinical outcomes and to develop appropriate treatment plans. This need becomes especially important during mass-casualty events, where reliable and rapid triage is necessary. However, cytogenetic biodosimetry, which can be used for triage, is bottlenecked by the time required for cell culture and the expertise needed of chromosomal analysis. The objective of this study is to apply deep learning-based object detection to the analysis of micronuclei (MNs).

This study aimed to optimize the preparation conditions and compare the UVB protection efficacy of three lipid-based nanocarrier formulations encapsulating enriched astaxanthin extract (ATXex) derived from

This study investigates the therapeutic potential of copper-doped carbon quantum dots (Cu-CQDs), integrating photothermal and photodynamic approaches to enhance cancer treatment efficacy.

Sprouting boosts bioactive compounds in Brassicaceae, including glucosinolates, amino acids, and anthocyanins. This study examined gamma radiation seed priming effects on growth, metabolism, and bioactive accumulation in , and sprouts.

The fast diagnosis of the life-threatening acute radiation syndrome is crucial, as the early prediction of the hematological acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) can save lives. Previously, we validated a four-gene set (, , , ) for H-ARS severity prediction in non-human primates and leukemia patients. In this study, we aim to validate this gene set in minipigs as a surrogate model.

Tumor hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor that causes radiotherapy resistance. Decades of clinical trials employing various hypoxia intervention strategies have had limited impact on daily clinical practise. This is largely due to modest benefits of hypoxia modification in unselected patient populations, combined with higher toxicity and increases in cost and time. However, numerous studies have employed post-hoc analysis to demonstrate a benefit of hypoxia intervention in patients with the most hypoxic tumors, and these benefits are of sufficient magnitude to warrant further pursuit. For the first time, we have recently seen the emergence of interventional trials with patient selection or stratification based on tumor hypoxia biomarkers. The purpose of this mini-review is to present the design and results from these recent trials, and highlight their impact in propelling this field forward.

Low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) was reconnoitered to improve the reproductive fitness of radio-sterilized moths, (Fabr.) to be used in exercising radiation mediated 'Inherited sterility (F1) technique (IS) for this Lepidopteran pest suppression.

Radon is a known human carcinogen and the second leading cause of lung cancer worldwide. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Radon Resistant New Construction (RRNC) ordinances enacted in Manheim Township, Pennsylvania, which mandate RRNC features in all new dwellings, to reduce lung cancer risk associated with radon exposure.

This study aims to evaluate metabolic alterations in blood and urine samples from breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) to identify potential biomarkers for radiation exposure and contribute to the development of biodosimetry tools, such as for use in nuclear incidents.

The dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), recognized as the gold standard for biological dosimetry in emergency radiation exposure, involves multiple key steps. Among these, metaphase image selection remains ambiguous and particularly challenging for beginners. This study evaluates the impact of metaphase image selection on dicentric (Dic) frequency during initial training.

The increasing use of Coronary CT Angiography (CCTA) raises concerns regarding radiation exposure and its associated cancer risks. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Siemens CARE kV algorithm in reducing radiation doses and cancer incidence risk compared to the Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) algorithm in adult patients undergoing CCTA.

Cancer risks of radiation are commonly made to evaluate an increase in mortality or incidence of cancers above background levels in subjects of the same age. However, the increased risk can also be evaluated by assuming a dose-dependent earlier onset expressed by a parallel shift of the mortality or incidence rate toward younger ages, which eventually results in life shortening.

Radiation-induced bystander effects describe the biological effects in unirradiated cells induced by signals from nearby radiation-targeted cells. Although the bystander effect has been well demonstrated in cell cultures, the mechanisms underlying how bystander signaling induces mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic alterations are not fully understood. Of interest to this study is the impairment of mitochondrial Complex I's function in non-targeted mammalian cells.

Using the Geant4-DNA, direct and indirect SSBs (single strand breaks), DSBs (double strand breaks), and HDSBs (hybrid DSBs) induced by Tb and Lu were quantified for different target-source configurations.

The use of noninvasive imaging systems, such as microCT, is increasing for preclinical studies, especially to perform longitudinal studies. Although this imaging system offers advantages, it relies on the use of low-energy X-rays, and the dose absorbed by the tissues during acquisitions must be considered. This study aims to estimate the absorbed dose to soft tissue and bone during mouse microCT imaging, using experimental and numerical methods.