Silent corticotroph adenomas (SCAs), a subtype of non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs), exhibit aggressive biological behaviour despite the absence of clinical hormone hypersecretion. This study aimed to identify preoperative predictors of SCAs and evaluate prognostic factors for postoperative recurrence in both NFPAs and SCAs.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects both obese and normal-weight women, with limited treatment options available for the nonobese population. Metformin (MET), an insulin sensitizer, is used to ameliorate insulin resistance and associated reproductive endocrine metabolic dysfunctions in PCOS patients. The efficacy of chiglitazar, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pan-agonist used for type 2 diabetes treatment, is undefined in PCOS patients. In this randomized controlled trial, the effects of metformin versus chiglitazar on insulin resistance and reproductive endocrine metabolism are assessed in normal-weight women with PCOS.

This study aims to explore the impact of type 2 deiodinase () polymorphisms on TSH suppression therapy and quality of life in patients with papillary thyroid cancer.

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a systemic disorder characterized by the interrelated dysfunction of metabolic abnormalities, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular injury, significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Insulin resistance (IR) plays an important role in the development and progression of CKM syndrome, but the relationship between estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) and mortality risk in CKM syndrome patients remains unclear, particularly across different glucose metabolic states.

Brown tumors are a rare bone metabolic disorder associated with primary hyperparathyroidism and can mimic metastatic cancer. However, conventional imaging techniques often pose challenges for accurate diagnosis. We present a case of multiple brown tumors associated with a parathyroid adenoma in a patient with thalassemia, which were identified using F-FDG PET/CT.

We aimed to evaluate the relationships between the pan immune-inflammation value (PIV), the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and hormonal levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

To determine the relationship between serum Ism-1 levels and the progression of renal function decline in patients with T2DM.

Cortisol secretion reflects hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation during stress and illness. In children with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are common complications associated with metabolic stress. However, the relationship between cortisol dynamics, disease severity, and renal parameters at T1DM onset remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between cortisol levels and clinical, biochemical, and renal features in children with newly diagnosed T1DM.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic (MASLD) is a common complication in diabetic patients that can lead to fibrosis and severe liver complications. This study aimed to investigate the effect of empagliflozin on liver markers and fibrosis in diabetic patients with NAFLD.

Emerging studies suggests a potential link between serum trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and obesity in adults. However, data on this association in children remain scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the association of TMAO and its precursors with childhood obesity and to evaluate whether such associations would be modified by basic clinical characteristics.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is linked to hyperandrogenism and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Dietary fibers (DFs), such as resistant starch type 2 (RS2) and arabinoxylan (AX), modulate the gut microbiota and produce short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), potentially ameliorating PCOS symptoms. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of RS2 and AX in a mouse model of letrozole-induced PCOS and explored the underlying mechanisms involving the gut microbiota-SCFA-liver signaling pathways.

The profile of glycemic changes in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate glucotypes in patients with type 2 diabetes and end stage kidney disease (ESKD) and those with DKD through continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) is widely used to differentially diagnose ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) and Cushing's disease (CD) with pituitary lesions less than 6 mm detected on MRI.