Advances in proteomics continue to expand our understanding of how protein systems regulate platelet function in hemostasis, thrombosis, and inflammation. However, clinical translation of platelet proteomics findings remains limited. This review highlights recent studies of platelet proteomes and platelet function in development, aging, and disease.

Anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) disorders, including heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT), and emerging disorders such as VITT-like monoclonal gammopathy of thrombotic significance (MGTS), are monoclonal antibody-mediated and characterized by thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms among these anti-PF4 disorders can help explain the variability in clinical presentations.

Optimized platelet isolation is essential for preserving platelet integrity and function. This review elucidates the scientific rationale behind common workflows, explores modern strategies for their refinement, and aims to improve practices in translational hematology.

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), an immune-mediated hemorrhagic disease, features an intricate pathogenesis that involves megakaryocyte malfunction and hyperresponsiveness of the innate and adaptive immune systems. As a second-line drug for ITP, rituximab acts quickly and can produce an initial response rate of up to 60%. However, this response only lasts for a short term, meanwhile challenged by resistance, relapse and side effects. Additionally, no reliable clinical parameters have been proposed for forecasting the therapeutic response of patients. Furthermore, the application of rituximab is restricted in specific populations, including pregnant patients, children with positive antithyroid antibodies, and patients contaminated with HBV.

This review aims to provide an updated overview of platelet concentrates, particularly platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and their evolving applications in periodontal therapy. It highlights their regenerative potential, mechanisms of action, and clinical outcomes in managing periodontal defects.

Platelet transfusion can have a significant immunological impact, exposing the recipient to alloantigens on the surface of platelets and contaminating leukocytes, a dynamic range of soluble immune mediators, and donor platelets that can directly and indirectly contribute to the inflammatory profile of the recipient. Here, we will review recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms regulating the immune response to platelet transfusion.

There is an increasing recognition that mitochondria are dynamic regulators of cell fate. Mitochondria transplantation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for conditions ranging from metabolic disorders to neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, there is a growing need for scalable mitochondrial sources for transplantation. We highlight megakaryocytes, best known for their role in platelet production, as a novel and versatile candidate source for mitochondria transplantation.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) remains a major complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, frequently requiring multiple lines of immunosuppressive treatment. The increasing approval of targeted therapies demands an updated understanding of their clinical positioning, strengths, and safety considerations.

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has long been a cornerstone in the treatment of eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). In this review, we analyze the evolving role of ASCT in the contemporary period.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a biologically diverse disease that has undergone significant transformation in recent years. The rapid pace of discovery in molecular genetics, disease classification, and therapeutic development has reshaped how we approach diagnosis and treatment. This review aims to provide a timely and relevant synthesis of these advances, offering clinicians and researchers an updated perspective on AML as of 2025.

Malaria and babesiosis are important transfusion-transmitted diseases, therefore, it is important to report novel insights into the complex interactions the causative parasites share with their common host RBCs. Metabolomics is an important tool that can be used to reveal an in-depth analysis of parasite infections in the context of the host. Similarities and differences in the biochemical fingerprints between malaria and babesia infected RBCs are reviewed with potential reasons for these differences and implications for the host.

Red blood cell (RBC) antigens arise from genetic variations. RBC genotyping has been increasingly used to assist serological typing, solve serological discrepancies, guide antigen matching, and tackle RBC antigens with complex genetics, such as Rh blood group. This review will discuss common applications of RBC genotyping in patient care, genotyping methods, and computational algorithms for automated and high-throughput RBC genotyping.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell (CAR-T) has transformed B-cell malignancies treatment, with seven FDA-approved therapies to date. Despite remarkable success, a substantial fraction of patients relapse, primarily due to limited CAR-T persistence or tumor escape driven by target-antigen loss. Here, we highlight preclinical and clinical advances in programming T cells to address these challenges and are poised to drive next-generation CAR-T development.

This review examines the enzymatic regulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, focusing on key players such as thrombin, plasmin, and ADAMTS13. We highlight how dysregulation of these enzymes contributes to thrombotic and hemorrhagic disorders and review emerging diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.

Platelets are essential effector cells in the immune continuum. Understanding platelet roles during infectious diseases is paramount to understanding pathological and protective immune responses. In this review, we compiled recent data about platelets in immune response to infectious diseases.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are widely utilized in preclinical and clinical studies, with over 1500 clinical trials, including applications in Covid-19 treatment. This review consolidates recent advances in understanding MSC biology, mechanisms of action, and clinical utility.

In this review, we will describe murine models developed to examine human platelet function.