Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the kidney is an exceptionally rare malignancy, current knowledge being limited to isolated case reports and small case series. This study represents the first population-based analysis of SCC of the kidney using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Frail and older patients who develop prostate cancer (PCa), are at risk of overtreatment. Multiple general health assessment (GHA) tools have been validated in oncology. we aim to validate and compare the performance of the G8 screening tool, age and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) as a predictor of overall survival (OS) in men older than 70 years with a newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Is it possible to identify a CCI cut-off indicative for frailty?

The "obesity paradox" suggests that patients with various cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m may experience improved survival. However, the influence of glycemic control on this association remains unclear. This study evaluates whether elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) modifies the survival benefit associated with the obesity paradox in patients undergoing nephrectomy for non-metastatic RCC.

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has a poor prognosis despite recent changes in systemic treatment options. Lenvatinib plus everolimus (LEN+EVE), a combination of 2 targeted therapies, is approved after failure of one prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of LEN+EVE therapy in patients with mRCC in a real-world setting.

To examine the imaging features and clinicopathologic features of TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma and highlight key imaging findings for clinical decision-making.

Enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab has emerged as a new standard of care for previously untreated patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma following the EV-302 trial. However, data on its efficacy and safety in routine clinical practice remain limited. Herein, we evaluated real-world clinical outcomes for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma receiving the combination as first-line or subsequent-line therapy.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is rarely attributed to hereditary causes, but recent studies suggest inherited factors may play a larger role. Current guidelines recommend genetic evaluation in patients with UC diagnosed at < 50 years old or features associated with Lynch syndrome. However, the full pathogenic germline variant landscape and optimal genetic evaluation criteria in UC remain poorly understood.

The optimal treatment strategy for advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) remains unclear. This study compares the efficacy of pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib (Pem+Len), nivolumab plus cabozantinib (Nivo+Cabo), and cabozantinib monotherapy (Cabo) for advanced nccRCC.

Clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combination therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, patients who do not meet trial eligibility criteria constitute a large proportion of the real-world population, and their outcomes remain poorly described.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has gained prominence as a key target in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) therapy. Integrating radionuclide therapies such as Lutetium-177 [Lu]-PSMA-617 has significantly advanced treatment outcomes while posing unique challenges related to off-tumor toxicities in other tissues that express PSMA, particularly in salivary glands. Furthermore, there are novel cancer therapeutics in development including PSMA-targeted immunotherapies and antibody drug conjugates which hold promise for the treatment of prostate cancer and may contribute to the burden of oral toxicity. The oral toxicity of PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy arises from PSMA-mediated salivary gland uptake and radionuclide retention, differing fundamentally from the nonspecific tissue damage mechanisms of traditional external beam radiotherapy. In parallel, targeted therapies, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, exert direct effects by binding to PSMA and delivering anti-tumor metabolites and/or amplifying the immune response. The resultant off-tumor on-target tissue damage can lead to distinct oral complications such as xerostomia, dysgeusia and mucositis. Although PSMA-targeted therapies are primarily used for the management of prostate cancer, they are also being explored in treatment of salivary gland malignancies including adenoid cystic carcinoma. This review explores the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of PSMA-related oral toxicities in the context of prostate cancer, diagnosis, possible mitigation strategies, the need for preclinical models to study regulation of PSMA expression leading to oral toxicities, current challenges and future directions.

FGFR3 alterations are observed in 10% to 15% of patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). We aimed to clarify the prognostic and predictive value of FGFR3 alterations in patients receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) for advanced urothelial carcinoma.

The clinical heterogeneity of needle biopsy (Bx)3 + 4 presents uncertainty to active surveillance as a treatment option for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. This meta-analysis demonstrates that 23.4% of Bx3 + 4 were upgraded at radical prostatectomy (RP). Age, cT, PI-RADS, greatest percentage of cancer involvement in biopsy (GPC) and number of positive cores are independent upgrading predictors, while Bx approaches showed no significant difference. Current guidelines recognize active surveillance as a treatment option for patients with intermediate-risk (IR)-PCa including selected cases with a diagnosis of Bx3 + 4. However, the upgrading of Bx3 + 4 in the RP is a critical but unaddressed concern. We investigated pathological RP upgrading from Bx3 + 4 and assessed its impact on oncological outcomes. A systematic literature search was performed up to February 2025 to identify the eligible studies discussing Bx3 + 4 on adverse RP pathology. Meta-analyses were performed on parameters with available information. Forty-eight studies comprising 63,119 patients with matched Bx3 + 4 and subsequent RP pathology were included. The median incidence of Bx3 + 4 upgraded to RP ≥ 4 + 3 and to RP ≥ 8 was 23.4% (IQR: 18.3%-23.7%) and 3.6% (IQR: 2.7%-4.9%), respectively. Age, cT, PI-RADS, GPC and No. positive cores were identified as independent and significant predictors for upgrading in Meta-analyses. No significant differences in upgrading were observed between systematic Bx (SBx) and MRI-targeted biopsy (TBx) methods or Transrectal (TR) and transperineal (TP) approaches. RP upgrading from Bx3 + 4 occurred in 23.4% cases, who may have a significantly worse biochemical recurrence survival. Different Bx methods did not make a significant impact on the rate of Bx3 + 4 to RP ≥ 4 + 3 upgrading.

Patients with NMIBC frequently experience recurrences. Yet, the timing and characteristics of subsequent recurrences are understudied. We aim to describe subsequent recurrences in a large, contemporary, population-based cohort.

Many patients with relapsed germ cell tumors (GCTs) can still be cured with salvage chemotherapy. Oxaliplatin-based therapies may offer reduced toxicity and noncross resistance to cisplatin-based therapies. PET scan response early during therapy may predict long term outcome.

The natural history of renal oncocytoma (RO) following surgical resection remains unclear. We examined a cohort of post-nephrectomy patients with RO, focusing on the management of synchronous and metachronous tumors and their clinical course under surveillance.

To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of ipilimumab and nivolumab in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and rare variant RCC, and assess the impact of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and steroid use on survival.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is marked by significant gender differences in incidence. While RCC is more common in men, limited data exist on survival outcomes in women following surgery. We investigated survival outcomes and predictive factors in women with localized RCC.

Metastatic non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (mNMIBC) is a condition in which bladder cancer patients develop metastasis in the absence of muscle invasion. The nature of mNMIBC is understudied due to its recent increased recognition. The study aimed to analyze the baseline characteristics, metastatic patterns, and survival outcomes of this condition.

To evaluate practice patterns and overall survival outcomes for the performance of radical nephroureterectomy or ureterectomy stratified by utilization of lymph node dissection (LND) for patients with upper tract urothelial cell carcinoma.

Heterogeneity in disease presentation in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) creates significant variability in treatment patterns and outcomes across risk and clinical subgroups.