[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.117.148052.].

Species of are exceptionally diverse and widely distributed, with cuboid-spored members occurring mainly in subtropical to tropical regions. These cuboid-spored taxa are primarily classified into two subgenera, E. subg. Cuboeccilia and E. subg. Cubospora. During surveys conducted in Yunnan Province, a representative subtropical region of China, four new species belonging to E. subg. Cubospora were identified through multigene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, , and ) combined with detailed morphological observations. is distinguished by its yellow basidiomata, papillate pileus, heterogeneous lamellar edge, and the presence of clamp connections. can be recognized by a centrally papillate pileus, serrate pileal and lamellar margins, and clavate to cylindrical pleurocystidia that are flexuous, furcate, or occasionally ventricose. is characterized by its yellowish-white to white papillate pileus, clavate to elongated clavate terminal cells in both the pileipellis and stipitipellis, and pigmented cystidia, lamellar trama, pileipellis, and stipitipellis. is identified by its reddish-brown to grayish-violet squamose pileus, with reddish-brown pigments present in the upper hyphal layer and terminal cells of the pileipellis. Detailed descriptions, line drawings, habitat photographs, SEM micrographs, and comparisons with morphologically and phylogenetically related taxa are provided. A key to the species of Entoloma subg. Cubospora from China is also included.

In this study, two new species, and , were discovered. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, nrLSU, 2, and 1-sequences confirm that these taxa represent distinct lineages within well-supported monophyletic groups. is characterized by a yellow-orange center on the pileus, a margin bearing floccules, and relatively long sterigmata, which distinguish it from closely related species. can be recognized by its mahogany-red pileus center, a white annulus with a tomato-red margin that turns brown when bruised, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Detailed morphological descriptions, along with color photographs, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree, are provided to clarify the taxonomic positions and relationships of these two new species.

The genus Pers. presents persistent taxonomic challenges due to its morphological similarities with related genera. In this study, we collected two specimens of from Guizhou, China; one specimen is described as a new species, and the other is identified as J.W. Liu & F.Q. Yu based on morphological traits and phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear rDNA large subunit (LSU). To resolve their evolutionary relationships we assembled and annotated the mitochondrial genomes of both species using next-generation sequencing. Comparative analyses revealed codon usage strongly biased toward A- or U-ending codons, consistent with the low GC content typical of fungal mitochondria. Variation in protein-coding gene lengths and base composition suggests that diverse evolutionary pressures have shaped these genomes. Divergence time estimation indicates that morphological diversity within and related macrofungi has largely resulted from convergent evolution. Phylogenetic reconstruction places and within a distinct clade, supporting their close evolutionary affinity and the coexistence of ancestral and derived traits. This study provides the first comprehensive mitochondrial genomic data for , offering new insights into its taxonomy, phylogeny, and evolutionary dynamics, and establishing a framework for future studies within the Gomphaceae.

The taxonomy of in Finland was studied, based on morphology and molecular data (nuITS rDNA sequences). Twenty species were recognised, with sixteen species being newly described here: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and All species are confined to calcareous rocks, except which also grows on calcareous soil. The calcareous fells in Enontekiö in NW Finland were identified as hot spots of diversity. Nine newly-described species (, , , , , , , and ) are restricted to this area in Finland. Several of the species are semi-cryptic. On average, they may have minor morphological differences, but many specimens cannot be identified, based on morphology only. is reported from Norway and from Italy, based on GenBank sequences. Full descriptions and a preliminary key of in Finland are provided.

is a species-rich genus of crustose lichens that is mainly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the taxonomy and phylogeny of this genus, leading to the description of numerous new species. However, in China has never been systematically revised. In this study, approximately 500 specimens of collected from different provinces of China were examined. Based on morphological and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, an overview of this genus in China was provided. Eight species, , , , , , , and , were described as new to science. The species, , was reported in China for the first time. In addition, we generated DNA sequences of the species from topotype specimens and clarified its phylogenetic position. Detailed descriptions, illustrations of morphological characters of the above-mentioned species, and comparisons with closely related taxa are provided. A dichotomous key to 22 species of from China is presented.

During a survey of microflora associated with dead plant substrates in coastal regions of Guangdong Province, China, we identified several interesting Dothideomycetes fungi and provided refined updated phylogenetic analyses for and species. Two novel species are introduced, and , based on molecular and morphological evidence. New host records of , and are also reported in this paper. Molecular phylogenetic studies of new isolates were based on concatenated (i) ITS, LSU, 1-α and (ii) LSU, SSU, ITS, 1-α gene regions for and , respectively. These taxonomic novelties were recognised by comparing morphological characteristics with closely-related taxa. closely clustered with (CGMCC 3.20619 and UESTCC 21.0003) with high statistical support value (ML/BYPP = 100%/1.00). Morphologically, can be distinguished from in having larger of ascomata, ostiolar canal and peridium and smaller asci and ascospores. forms a distinct basal clade with (MFLUCC 10-0127). is different from in having smaller ascomata, asci and ascospores and possesses a larger mucilaginous sheath surrounding ascospores than . Two pairwise identity analyses were conducted for and . The resulting sequence identity scores were saved as a matrix and visualised as plots with a colour key to indicate the correspondence between pairwise identities. This study offers new insights into saprobic Dothideomycetes colonising dead woody substrates in coastal habitats of Guangdong Province, China.

species are of great industrial, agricultural, and medicinal importance. During investigations on the biodiversity of Aspergillaceae, two species of isolated from soil samples in China were identified as new to science based on sequence analyses and morphological comparisons. from a traditional cultural and Buddhist heritage site is the second member of the series Hainanici in section Cavernicolarum of subgenus Nidulantes, while from a tropical nature reserve is classified in subgenus Circumdati, section Nigri, series . Detailed descriptions and illustrations of both species are provided, and the ecological functions of their habitats are also discussed.

Murrill, a cosmopolitan genus of the Hymenochaetaceae, consists of parasitic and saprotrophic fungi characterized by resupinate to pileate, strictly dimitic hyphal systems, encrusted generative hyphae, the presence of hymenial setae, and hyaline, smooth, thin-walled basidiospores. Based on morpho-microtaxonomic examinations and phylogenetic analyses using a combined ITS, nrLSU, partial , and dataset, three new species of -, , and -are described from the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. The newly described species form three distinct lineages within the complex. is characterized by imbricate, convex, dimidiate basidiomes, a glabrous, azonate pilear surface, and ellipsoid basidiospores (3.5-4.5 × 2.5-2.9 μm). has a smooth to glabrous, concentrically zonate pilear surface, a duplex context, and smaller basidiospores (3.1-3.6 × 2.1-2.6 μm). Finally, is recognized by its effused-reflexed to imbricate basidiome, widely zonate and warted pilear surface, and ellipsoidal basidiospores (3.3-4.3 × 2.8-3 μm). This study provides comprehensive descriptions, morphological illustrations, and insights into the differences among these new species and their respective allied taxa, along with the results of phylogenetic analysis.

Lamb. is an important tree species widely used for afforestation and industrial timber on barren hills in China. Needle blight of , caused by spp., is widespread and occurs over a large area. In this study, 10 representative strains were isolated from diseased needles of in Anhui and Guangxi provinces. Based on phylogenetic analysis of three genomic loci (ITS, , and ), combined with morphological characteristics, two new species- and -were identified. Pathogenicity experiments showed that these 10 representative strains were pathogenic to . This study enhances understanding of the diversity of pathogens causing needle blight and provides insights for future control strategies.

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), located in the arid hinterland of northwest China, serves as important substrates for species. As the most widely distributed floral genus of Betulaceae in Xinjiang, serves as a vital pioneer species due to its stress tolerance and adaptation to extreme environments, playing an irreplaceable role in sustaining regional ecosystems. During disease surveys on trees in the Tianshan and Altai Mountains of Xinjiang, we observed symptoms of stem and branch cankers. A total of 37 fungal strains were isolated and identified, based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses. As a result, was proposed and , , , and are reported for the first time in China. In addition, is recorded for the first time on the host genus . This study identifies potential pathogenic fungi associated with , providing a foundation for future disease management and forest health research.

and species are frequently isolated from the respiratory tracts of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, yet their diversity, ecological roles, and clinical significance remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed 521 fungal isolates (482 and 39 ) obtained from Dutch CF patients to investigate species diversity and prevalence. Using a combination of AFLP fingerprinting and DNA sequences analysis, we identified 57 and 18 species, including a putatively new species named The most commonly isolated species included , , , , and , while was the most prevalent species. Our findings highlight the underestimated diversity of and in CF patients and emphasize the importance of accurate species identification for understanding fungal colonization patterns and assessing pathogenic potential. This study provides the most comprehensive overview to date of and diversity in the CF airway and contributes valuable taxonomic and ecological insights into the role of these fungi in patients with chronic airway disease.

, a cosmopolitan fungal genus, occupies various ecological niches, but displays a pronounced tendency to colonise the leaves of plants. In this study, several fungal isolates with similar characteristics in the genus were collected from leaf spots of turfgrasses ( and ) in Jiangsu Province, China. Based on the morphological characteristics and three locus phylogeny of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and translation elongation factor-1 alpha (), five new species in : , , , and , are described hereby. The present study contributes to the understanding of species diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of species in China.

Two new species, and , and one species newly recorded in China, , are described in this study. All of these species belong to the family Strophariaceae. is characterized by a pallid pileus with appressed and concentric squamules, a white stipe covered with light yellowish-brown small scales, ellipsoid to ovoid basidiospores with an obvious germ pore, pleurocystidia as chrysocystidia, and cheilocystidia with two shapes: elongate-cylindrical with a capitulate apex and narrowly lageniform. is characterized by a bright orange-red to ochraceous brown pileus with an obtuse umbo, bitter taste, blackening basidiomata, pleurocystidia as chrysocystidia, and broadly clavate and orange-red pileocystidia. The specimens of collected from China in the present study closely matched the original morphological description of this species. These three species are described and illustrated, and phylogenetic analysis of a multigene dataset (ITS+nrLSU) is presented. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that and were distinctly different from other and species, respectively. The Chinese samples formed a monophyletic group with the holotype of , confirming its newly recorded status from China when combined with the morphological evidence. Keys to species of , from China, and Pholiota subgenus Pholiota from China are provided.

This study introduces six new species, discovered on dead twigs belonging to Calophyllaceae, Fabaceae, Sapotaceae, and Theaceae in northern Thailand, based on a morpho-phylogenetic approach. Our newly introduced species share morphological traits with other members of the genus, featuring ascomata with a two-layered peridium and unitunicate asci with either J+ or J- apical ring. The newly identified species , , , , , and differ from previously known species in Amphisphaeriaceae. This distinction is supported by combined analyses using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference of nuclear ribosomal large subunit rDNA (LSU) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence matrix. can be distinguished from by the presence of larger ascomata, smaller asci, ellipsoidal ascospores, and the absence of a sheath surrounding the ascospores. differs from its phylogenetically related sister taxon by possessing smaller asci, larger ascospores, and narrower paraphyses. differs from closely related taxa in its ostiolate ascomata and 3-septate ascospores. can be distinguished from the taxon with which it clusters by having smaller ascomata and ascospores. has larger ascomata and asci, but smaller ascospores, compared to its sister taxon, . differs from closely related taxa in its larger ascomata, asci, and ascospores. was also collected here and is reported as a new record on . This study contributes to the expansion of the taxonomic framework of .

The genus (Calcarisporiaceae) comprises lichenicolous fungi with bright-colored perithecia, long, multiseptate, filiform ascospores, and mononematous conidiophores or distinctive synnematous-like asexual morphs. The genus was originally described from species growing on spp., but its close morphological similarity to long obscured its phylogenetic identity. In this study, we reassess the systematics of -like taxa using a combination of morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, , ). Our results confirm that several lichenicolous species historically placed in in fact belong to the genus , which is closely related to . We describe two new species ( and ) and propose two new combinations ( and ). This work expands the genus to five recently accepted species, some of which exhibit strong host specificity and a primarily South American distribution. An identification key for species of and -like fungi is provided. Our results clarify the systematics of these morphologically similar lichenicolous fungi and provide a framework for future studies on host specificity, biogeography, and evolutionary relationships within Hypocreales.

Mycena sect. Calodontes is a large section within the genus Mycena, with 44 species described worldwide. The section is well characterized by relatively large basidiomata, typically growing on the humus layer of coniferous or coniferous-broadleaved mixed forests. Only 19 species of sect. Calodontes have been previously recorded in China, more than half of sect. Calodontes species are distributed in east and north regions, but also distributed in west and south regions. Based on 8 specimens collected from Heilongjiang and Jilin Province, 3 novel species are formally described: , , and is distinguished by purple-brown to brown pileus, brown lamellae margins, and cystidia with brown contents. is characterized by the pileus with brownish center, white lamellae margins, and colorless, fusiform cystidia. is distinguished by brownish pileus, white lamellae margins, and colorless, utriform cystidia. Detailed morphological descriptions, high-resolution habitat photographs, line drawings, and comparison with closely related taxa are provided for the new species. A combined phylogenetic analysis was conducted, based on a multi-locus (ITS++-) dataset under Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analyses. The morphological data and the results of the phylogenetic analyses support the recognition of the 3 new species. A key to the 20 species currently known species of sect. Calodontes in China is also provided.

The family Archaeosporaceae (Archaeosporales), an early-diverging lineage of Glomeromycota, is currently represented by a single genus, , with seven species described. During the analysis of pot cultures established for the maintenance of Glomeromycota isolates, an unanticipated fungus emerged as a contaminant. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses revealed this fungus as a new species, forming an autonomous genus-level clade within Archaeosporaceae, herein proposed as Sequences for this species were obtained using the newly designed primer FULlongF in combination with FULR, both not Glomeromycota specific. Positive clones after transformation were then screened and selected using the Archaeosporaceae-specific reverse primer SpAll_Archaeo_R in combination with the vector sequencing primers. In addition, independent phylogenetic analysis using specimen-based sequences and eDNA supported the genus status of and , both with diagnostic morphological traits, leading to the establishment of the new genus to accommodate and the genus status revalidation of with . remains to include , , , while and require additional analysis. Environmental sequences from the EUKARYOME database also showed that most of the genus-level clades described in Archaeosporaceae have worldwide distribution and are populated by several potential new species.

Within the family Chionosphaeraceae, only nine species of and have been described to date. In this study, two strains of and two strains of from China were examined using phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical approaches. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene, and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (α) were conducted to infer species relationships within the genera and . As a result, two novel species are proposed: (holotype GDMCC 2.531) and (holotype GDMCC 2.499). Descriptions and illustrations of both species are provided, together with comparisons to closely related taxa. This study expands the known diversity of Chionosphaeraceae in China and provides a basis for future taxonomic and ecological investigations.

During a survey of saprobic fungi, fresh specimens were collected from decaying wood in terrestrial habitats in Guizhou and Hainan provinces, southern China. Two novel species, and , are introduced based on phylogenetic analyses of a combined dataset (ITS, LSU, 1-α, and 2) and morphological evidence. Comprehensive descriptions, illustrations, notes, and phylogenetic analyses supporting the taxonomic placement of these new taxa are provided. These findings are significant for exploring the species diversity of in southern China.

The species of the Mortierellaceae family are diverse and widely distributed. Four new species in this family are proposed from rhizosphere soil through a comprehensive taxonomic approach that combined multi-locus (SSU-ITS-LSU--) phylogenetic analyses with detailed morphological examination. This study describes and illustrates these taxa, clarifying their morphological features from closely related species and their phylogenetic positions within the family. (phylogenetically proximate to ) is characterized by the abundant production of thick-walled chlamydospores. (a sister taxon to ) is distinguished by its oval sporangiospores. (closely allied to ) is characterized by its oval chlamydospores and is named after Yunnan Province, its type locality. (clustering with ) is distinguished by its irregularly shaped sporangiospores. As this is the tenth instalment of our systematic survey of Mortierellomycota diversity in China, this study expands the global species inventory of Mortierellaceae to 158.