The clinical significance of HBeAg/HBeAb coexistence in pediatric chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains unclear. This study assessed antiviral efficacy and predictors of functional cure in HBeAg/HBeAb-positive children/adolescents treated with PEG-IFNα-2a or entecavir (ETV).

The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term risk of biliary cancer in patients diagnosed with choledochal malformations (CMs).

Endoscopic papillectomy (EP) is a minimally invasive alternative to surgical resection for early ampullary neoplasia. While its use is increasing, outcomes and complication rates vary, and reliable data on hospital mortality in Germany remain scarce.

This study aimed to identify tumor lesion-related factors associated with possible missed gastric cancer (PMGC) during screening endoscopy, with particular focus on cases following () eradication.

Perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) remains a life-threatening emergency. Laparoscopic repair is favored over open surgery, but intracorporeal suturing is demanding. Interrupted hand-tied sutures are traditional; knotless barbed sutures may simplify closure and shorten operative time.

Tumour recurrence remains a major obstacle to long-term survival following curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This cohort study aimed to identify clinical and tumour-related factors associated with HCC recurrence.

Endoscopic biopsies are insufficient for the correct diagnosis of gastric lesions since there has been described a discrepancy rate between endoscopy biopsies and endoscopic resection specimens of 25-32%. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with upstaging and downstaging of biopsy results following gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to infliximab has been well documented. In the vast majority of patients, the liver injury is mild or moderate and some of these patients will require corticosteroids for a faster recovery. However, more than 10 cases in the literature have been reported where infliximab has led to a very severe liver injury, requiring emergency liver transplantation. The nature of this type of DILI due to infliximab has not been well characterized. The current article highlights the cases where the use of infliximab has been associated with severe and life-threatening liver failure and potential predictors of severe outcomes. The clinical, biochemical, immunological and histological characteristics of patients who have suffered from severe consequences of DILI due to infliximab are described. Infliximab can cause acute liver failure and vanishing bile duct syndrome which can require liver transplantation. Overall 12 patients have been reported in the literature with severe liver injury associated with acute liver failure due to infliximab. Concomitant treatment with immunomodulators seems to reduce the risk of infliximab DILI and should always be considered in patients starting infliximab. In contrast with the severe liver injury described in patients treated with infliximab, no cases of acute liver failure due to adalimumab requiring liver transplantation have been reported. However, subacute liver failure due to hepatitis B reactivation have been reported associated with adalimumab therapy and one case of subacute liver failure with adalimumab has been described in a patient without concomitant hepatitis B.

Post-colectomy enteritis is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of colectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis. The current evidence is limited to case reports and small retrospective case series, suggesting that this condition is likely underdiagnosed and often recognized only in advanced stages.

The benefit of a proactive therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) strategy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving biological therapy remains disputed. We aimed to evaluate whether optimizing serum adalimumab levels (s-ADL), guided by proactive TDM, is associated with improved markers of disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant health challenge, being a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Despite the effectiveness of colonoscopy in early detection and prevention, a substantial number of adenomas remain undetected, contributing to interval CRC cases. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the efficacy of Endocuff Vision (ECV), an advanced colonoscopy attachment, compared to standard colonoscopy (SC) in enhancing adenoma detection rates (ADR) and other relevant outcomes.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Identifying their cellular origin and molecular determinants may help to inform molecular targeted therapy for HCC. Identifying the tissue distribution of CAFs in HCC to indirectly reflect their cellular origin may provide a histological basis for further exploration of their cellular origin and molecular determinants. The tissue distribution of CAFs in 57 HCC tissues was determined by immunohistochemical staining of α-SMA, and α-SMA-positive CAFs were found to be widely located along the capillary network. Immunofluorescent double staining was used to examine the co-expression of CD31 in α-SMA-positive CAFs to identify whether the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is involved in the origin, and obvious colocalization was observed. Visium and Visium HD spatial transcriptomics further revealed endothelial cells (ECs) exhibited remarkable co-expression of CAF-specific marker genes and revealed inferred developmental trajectories to CAFs; molecular determinants, including TIMP1, IGFBP7, THBS2, CD74, COL4A1, COL4A2, AEBP1, S100A6, KCTD12, CALD1, IGHG1, SERPINE1, MCL1, MGP, GSTP1, TAGLN, THBS1, and CTGF, were positively correlated with the spatial developmental trajectories of ECs to CAFs; and CTGF exhibited extensive interactions with other common positively correlated molecular determinants and was a highly connected node in the interaction network. ECs that undergo EndoMT may be one of the potential cellular and mechanical origins of CAFs in HCC, and the development of EndoMT may be associated with CTGF.

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) carry a risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). We aimed to develop and validate machine learning (ML) models to predict GIB in DOAC users and compare them with conventional risk scores.

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation has been suggested to alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms in subjects with diabetic autonomic neuropathy. This study aimed to examine the effect of this treatment on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-assessed gastrointestinal function.

Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) represents a growing burden on healthcare, yet comprehensive data on treatment costs across different disease phases remain limited. This study aims to estimate hospital resource utilization and costs of treating mCRC patients according to international up-to-date guidelines.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of bowel preparation by linaclotide (Lina) combined with compound polyethylene glycol (PEG) in patients aged over 60 years.

Borderline resectable (BRPC) and locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) constitute a heterogeneous disease spectrum with variable tumour biology and treatment responses, making clinical decision-making challenging. Improved prognostic markers are needed to guide individualised treatment strategies. This study aims to determine whether quality of life (QoL) at the time of diagnosis is associated with survival in patients diagnosed with BRPC and LAPC.

Gastroenterology clinics often assess hepatic steatosis using CAP-FibroScan, while radiology departments increasingly apply UGAP instead of subjective B-mode ultrasound. This study compares CAP and UGAP feasibility and diagnostic performance across steatosis stages, using PDFF as reference.

Current guidelines recommend using the presence of alarm features to help determine if an upper endoscopy is appropriate as an initial diagnostic tool in young adults with dyspepsia. The study aimed to assess whether young adults without alarm features had clinically significant findings on gastroscopy.